{"id":25635,"date":"2022-10-04T19:06:48","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T19:06:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien"},"modified":"2022-10-04T20:46:19","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T20:46:19","slug":"bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien","title":{"rendered":"BERNARD LUGAN: AUX ORIGINES DU MAL MALIEN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. <\/strong><\/span>Le sp\u00e9cialiste de l\u2019histoire africaine s\u2019est, notamment, attard\u00e9 sur la situation s\u00e9curitaire au Mali, marqu\u00e9e par la pouss\u00e9e du djihadisme dans le Nord, fief des Touaregs. \u00abLe Mali est pour moi l\u2019arch\u00e9type de la catastrophe de l\u2019imposition d\u2019une id\u00e9ologie occidentale sur un corps social totalement diff\u00e9rent\u00bb, a indiqu\u00e9 le chercheur.<\/p>\n

Pour Bernard Lugan, la situation s\u00e9curitaire actuelle du Mali puise sa source dans les ann\u00e9es des ind\u00e9pendances. Et d\u2019expliquer qu\u2019\u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, il y avait deux \u00e9coles chez les futurs chefs d\u2019Etat africains. La premi\u00e8re, men\u00e9e par S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9, futur pr\u00e9sident du Mali, et L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor, futur pr\u00e9sident du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, \u00e9tait pour une ind\u00e9pendance bas\u00e9e sur des ensembles d\u00e9mographiques, tandis que la seconde, qu\u2019il a appel\u00e9e \u00abl\u2019\u00e9cole Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny\u00bb, \u00e9tait pour une ind\u00e9pendance des territoires h\u00e9rit\u00e9s de la colonisation.<\/p>\n

Et c\u2019est cette derni\u00e8re qui l\u2019a emport\u00e9 pour la raison suivante: \u00abHouphou\u00ebt \u00e9tait ministre fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. Il \u00e9tait li\u00e9 \u00e0 tout le personnel de la 3e R\u00e9publique et de la 4e R\u00e9publique ainsi que tous ces probl\u00e8mes d\u2019apparatchiks qui peuvent exister dans ces cabinets minist\u00e9riels. Il avait une puissance consid\u00e9rable et c\u2019est lui qui a impos\u00e9 cela.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Mais dans le cas du Mali, l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance est \u00abune catastrophe\u00bb, a indiqu\u00e9 l’africaniste, \u00abparce que les trois quarts du pays \u2013 le Nord \u2013 sont peupl\u00e9s par 2% des populations (les Touaregs) et le reste est peupl\u00e9 par les populations du Sud (\u2026) qui avaient v\u00e9cu pendant des si\u00e8cles sous la terreur des raids men\u00e9s par les Touaregs\u00bb. Celles-ci ont \u00e9t\u00e9 en quelque sorte \u00ablib\u00e9r\u00e9es\u00bb par la colonisation, a soutenu l\u2019historien, tandis que ceux qui \u00e9taient les \u00abanciens dominants\u00bb se sont retrouv\u00e9s \u00abexcessivement affaiblis\u00bb et \u00abont perdu leur statut\u00bb.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ind\u00e9pendance a donc donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 un Etat o\u00f9 vivent \u00abdes populations qui sont antagonistes et qui sont surtout tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes au niveau d\u00e9mographique\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, les Touaregs sont largement en inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9 par rapport aux autres populations du Mali, lesquelles ont donc \u00e9t\u00e9 longtemps sous leur domination. Ils d\u00e9cident donc de ne pas adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 l\u2019Etat, mais plut\u00f4t \u00e0 l\u2019ethnie. C\u2019est ainsi que l\u2019on assiste aux cinq guerres touaregs, dont la derni\u00e8re a cr\u00e9\u00e9 \u00ables actuels mouvements sur lesquels vont se greffer les djihadistes, qui ne sont que la surinfection d\u2019une plaie ethnique\u00bb, a poursuivi Bernard Lugan.<\/p>\n

Pour l\u2019historien, \u00able probl\u00e8me (s\u00e9curitaire au Mali, Ndlr) n\u2019est pas d\u2019ordre religieux. Sauf dans quelques poches bien particuli\u00e8res avec l\u2019Etat islamique. Le reste, c\u2019est l\u2019infection de plaies ethniques qui sont mill\u00e9naires\u00bb, a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 l\u2019africaniste.<\/p>\n

Pour corroborer ses dires, Le Grand T\u00e9moin du jour a rappel\u00e9 une conviction qu\u2019il a souvent partag\u00e9e avec ses stagiaires \u00e0 l\u2019Ecole de guerre: \u00abMessieurs, vous allez partir faire la guerre au Sahel. Imaginons que par un coup de baguette magique, vous r\u00e9ussissiez \u00e0 d\u00e9truire (\u2026) les Katiba jihadistes, eh bien, le probl\u00e8me des Bambaras et des Touaregs sera toujours le m\u00eame, parce qu\u2019il existe depuis 2.000 ans et il existera apr\u00e8s.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Pour le cas du Niger, qui a plus ou moins trouv\u00e9 une \u00abr\u00e9ponse\u00bb \u00e0 la question touareg en ayant des responsables gouvernementaux issus de ce groupe, l\u2019universitaire s\u2019est voulu prudent: \u00abC\u2019est tr\u00e8s fragile. (\u2026) L\u00e0 \u00e9galement, nous sommes sur de la lave en fusion.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Mali<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. Le sp\u00e9cialiste de l\u2019histoire africaine s\u2019est, notamment, attard\u00e9 sur la situation s\u00e9curitaire au Mali, marqu\u00e9e par la pouss\u00e9e du djihadisme dans le Nord, fief des Touaregs. \u00abLe Mali est pour moi l\u2019arch\u00e9type de la catastrophe de l\u2019imposition d\u2019une id\u00e9ologie occidentale sur un corps social totalement diff\u00e9rent\u00bb, a indiqu\u00e9 le chercheur. Pour Bernard […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":25634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,7,17],"tags":[76,86,19],"class_list":["post-25635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-homepage-french","category-politique","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mali","tag-mali"],"yoast_head":"\nBERNARD LUGAN: AUX ORIGINES DU MAL MALIEN - Mali<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le sp\u00e9cialiste de l\u2019histoire africaine s\u2019est, notamment, attard\u00e9 sur la situation s\u00e9curitaire au Mali, marqu\u00e9e par la po ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BERNARD LUGAN: AUX ORIGINES DU MAL MALIEN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le sp\u00e9cialiste de l\u2019histoire africaine s\u2019est, notamment, attard\u00e9 sur la situation s\u00e9curitaire au Mali, marqu\u00e9e par la po ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mali\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-04T19:06:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-04T20:46:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2022\/10\/postQueueImg_11-633c9b6946591.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"360\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"BERNARD LUGAN: AUX ORIGINES DU MAL MALIEN\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-04T19:06:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-04T20:46:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien\"},\"wordCount\":635,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2022\/10\/postQueueImg_11-633c9b6946591.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Mali\",\"mali\"],\"articleSection\":[\"homepage-french\",\"Politique\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/bernard-lugan-aux-origines-du-mal-malien\",\"name\":\"BERNARD LUGAN: AUX ORIGINES DU MAL MALIEN - 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