{"id":37459,"date":"2023-08-17T21:40:30","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T21:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus"},"modified":"2023-08-17T23:20:03","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T23:20:03","slug":"une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus","title":{"rendered":"Une nouvelle base de donn\u00e9es se penche sur les g\u00e8nes m\u00e9connus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. <\/strong><\/span>Intraduisible en franc\u0327ais, le mot \u201cUnknome\u201d, de la fusion du mot anglais \u201cunknown\u201d (\u201cinconnu\u201d) et \u201cge\u0301nome\u201d (ensemble des chromosomes et des ge\u0300nes d\u2019une espe\u0300ce ou d\u2019un individu), est ne\u0301 de l\u2019autre co\u0302te\u0301 de la Manche et se\u0301duira les accros de la ge\u0301ne\u0301tique.<\/p>\n

Il s\u2019agit du nom d\u2019une nouvelle base de donne\u0301es tout a\u0300 fait originale, regroupant les ge\u0300nes humains qui, malgre\u0301 leur pre\u0301sence dans notre ADN, demeurent largement me\u0301connus. Elle a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301veloppe\u0301e par des chercheurs britanniques de deux e\u0301quipes des universite\u0301s d\u2019Oxford et de Cambridge. Cette de\u0301marche, pre\u0301sente\u0301e dans Plos Biology, vise a\u0300 de\u0301crypter les myste\u0300res de la ge\u0301ne\u0301tique, soit la fonction des milliers de ge\u0300nes dont le ro\u0302le demeure inconnu a\u0300 ce jour.<\/p>\n

De nombreux ge\u0300nes ne\u0301glige\u0301s par la recherche<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u2019est un classique : la recherche scientifique a, a\u0300 ce jour, encore trop tendance a\u0300 se concentrer sur des ge\u0300nes et des prote\u0301ines de\u0301ja\u0300 bien connus des chercheurs. Une attitude dont le corollaire est de ne\u0301gliger d\u2019autres pans de notre ge\u0301nome. Or, a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301chelle de celui-ci, si pre\u0300s de 20.000 a\u0300 25.000 ge\u0300nes existent, chacun codant pour une prote\u0301ine spe\u0301cifique, la plupart d\u2019entre elles ne sont toujours pas e\u0301tudie\u0301es.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est justement en re\u0301action a\u0300 ce biais et en espe\u0301rant re\u0301duire cette ne\u0301gligence que les e\u0301quipes britanniques de Matthew Freeman (Universite\u0301 d\u2019Oxford) et de Sean Munro (Cambridge) ont re\u0301agi en cre\u0301ant Unknome. Afin de prouver l\u2019utilite\u0301 de leur de\u0301marche, ils ont se\u0301lectionne\u0301 un e\u0301chantillon de 260 ge\u0300nes classe\u0301s comme hautement inconnus et partage\u0301s a\u0300 la fois par les ge\u0301nomes de l\u2019Homme et de la ce\u0301le\u0300bre mouche de laboratoire, Drosophila.<\/p>\n

Ils ont ensuite applique\u0301 des techniques classiques en ge\u0301ne\u0301tique dites de de\u0301sactivation totale (knock out) ou partielle (knock-down). Une fois ces techniques utilise\u0301es, ils ont observe\u0301 leur impact sur l\u2019organisme ici des mouches, avec soit des conse\u0301quences fatales si le ge\u0300ne e\u0301tait vital, soit des diminutions de fonction si le ge\u0300ne e\u0301tait important mais pas essentiel a\u0300 la vie.<\/p>\n

Des fonctions biologiques majeures, voire essentielles<\/b><\/p>\n

Ils ont au final de\u0301montre\u0301 qu\u2019un grand nombre de mouches ne pouvaient pas survivre a\u0300 la de\u0301sactivation totale ou partielle de certains de ces ge\u0300nes, prouvant le ro\u0302le essentiel de ceux-ci. De plus, en modulant l\u2019activite\u0301 de certains ge\u0300nes par des me\u0301thodes re\u0301centes telles que CRISPR, ils ont aussi prouve\u0301 que certains d\u2019entre eux avaient des fonctions biologiques majeures, tant sur la fertilite\u0301 que sur la re\u0301sistance au stress.<\/p>\n

Les donne\u0301es d\u2019Unknome pourront e\u0302tre partage\u0301es et seront accessibles au public. Une de\u0301marche qui vise a\u0300 acce\u0301le\u0301rer les progre\u0300s scientifiques et a\u0300 lever le voile sur les myste\u0300res de la ge\u0301ne\u0301tique.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Mali<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. Intraduisible en franc\u0327ais, le mot \u201cUnknome\u201d, de la fusion du mot anglais \u201cunknown\u201d (\u201cinconnu\u201d) et \u201cge\u0301nome\u201d (ensemble des chromosomes et des ge\u0300nes d\u2019une espe\u0300ce ou d\u2019un individu), est ne\u0301 de l\u2019autre co\u0302te\u0301 de la Manche et se\u0301duira les accros de la ge\u0301ne\u0301tique. Il s\u2019agit du nom d\u2019une nouvelle base de donne\u0301es tout […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":37458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,17],"tags":[76,86,19],"class_list":["post-37459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mali","tag-mali"],"yoast_head":"\nUne nouvelle base de donn\u00e9es se penche sur les g\u00e8nes m\u00e9connus - Mali<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Intraduisible en franc\u0327ais, le mot \u201cUnknome\u201d, de la fusion du mot anglais \u201cunknown\u201d (\u201cinconnu\u201d) et \u201cge\u0301nome\u201d (ensemble d ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Une nouvelle base de donn\u00e9es se penche sur les g\u00e8nes m\u00e9connus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Intraduisible en franc\u0327ais, le mot \u201cUnknome\u201d, de la fusion du mot anglais \u201cunknown\u201d (\u201cinconnu\u201d) et \u201cge\u0301nome\u201d (ensemble d ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mali\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-17T21:40:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-08-17T23:20:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2023\/08\/sm_1692297725.076486.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"899\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Une nouvelle base de donn\u00e9es se penche sur les g\u00e8nes m\u00e9connus\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-17T21:40:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-17T23:20:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus\"},\"wordCount\":553,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2023\/08\/sm_1692297725.076486.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Mali\",\"mali\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/une-nouvelle-base-de-donnees-se-penche-sur-les-genes-meconnus\",\"name\":\"Une nouvelle base de donn\u00e9es se penche sur les g\u00e8nes m\u00e9connus - 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