{"id":37517,"date":"2023-08-18T19:12:53","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T19:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes"},"modified":"2023-08-18T21:11:04","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T21:11:04","slug":"comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes","title":{"rendered":"Comment les bact\u00e9ries responsables de la maladie de Lyme s\u2019adaptent \u00e0 leurs h\u00f4tes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. <\/strong><\/span>Rarement mortelle, la maladie de Lyme, aussi appele\u0301e Borre\u0301liose de Lyme, est la maladie vectorielle la plus transmise en France et dans de nombreux pays europe\u0301ens, et touche environ 50.000 personnes en France chaque anne\u0301e, selon Sante\u0301 Publique France. On appelle \u00ab maladie vectorielle \u00bb une maladie infectieuse transmise par l\u2019interme\u0301diaire de vecteurs, souvent des parasites, insectes ou acariens. Dans le cas de la maladie de Lyme, c\u2019est la tique, insecte he\u0301matophage (qui se nourrit de sang), qui inge\u0300re lors de son repas sur un animal infecte\u0301, un agent pathoge\u0300ne, la bacte\u0301rie Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb).<\/p>\n

De nouveau affame\u0301e, la tique infecte\u0301e par la bacte\u0301rie Bb va ensuite mordre un nouvel ho\u0302te pour se nourrir, et pourra, sous certaines conditions (environnement, dure\u0301e de la morsure), lui transmettre la bacte\u0301rie responsable de la maladie de Lyme.<\/p>\n

Si dans la majorite\u0301 des cas, les sympto\u0302mes ne de\u0301passent pas l\u2019e\u0301ruption cutane\u0301e, la Borre\u0301liose de Lyme entrai\u0302ne tout de me\u0302me pre\u0300s de 800 hospitalisations par an en France. Pour mieux comprendre ces me\u0301canismes de transmission particuliers, des chercheurs de l\u2019universite\u0301 Columbia a\u0300 New York ont re\u0301alise\u0301 une e\u0301tude sur la diversification ge\u0301ne\u0301tique de la bacte\u0301rie responsable de la maladie de Lyme.<\/p>\n

\u201cEn diversifiant ces caracte\u0301ristiques, Borrelia burgdorferi augmente ses chances de persister dans l\u2019environnement\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Pour comprendre et anticiper l\u2019e\u0301mergence de maladies vectorielles chez l\u2019homme, il est essentiel de connai\u0302tre la gamme d\u2019espe\u0300ces qu\u2019un agent pathoge\u0300ne peut infecter. \u201cLes Borrelia burgdorferi n\u2019ont aucun contro\u0302le sur les espe\u0300ces ho\u0302tes qu\u2019elles rencontreront, car les tiques qui les transmettent dans notre re\u0301gion piquent de nombreux animaux diffe\u0301rents\u201d, explique Matthew Combs, chercheur a\u0300 l\u2019universite\u0301 Columbia et co-auteur de l\u2019e\u0301tude.<\/p>\n

Pour survivre sur plusieurs ge\u0301ne\u0301rations, la bacte\u0301rie doit alors s\u2019adapter, et e\u0302tre capable de se reproduire sur diffe\u0301rents ho\u0302tes. Elle peut devenir un spe\u0301cialiste de l\u2019infection d\u2019espe\u0300ces particulie\u0300res, au risque de ne pas survivre si elle se retrouve dans le mauvais ho\u0302te. Elle pourra par exemple infecter les souris, mais pas les grenouilles. Ou bien elle peut s\u2019adapter pour devenir ge\u0301ne\u0301raliste et infecter un large e\u0301ventail d\u2019espe\u0300ces, mais sa capacite\u0301 d\u2019infection sera alors relativement plus faible. \u201cIl existe tout un e\u0301ventail de possibilite\u0301s, allant de l\u2019espe\u0300ce purement spe\u0301cialise\u0301e a\u0300 l\u2019espe\u0300ce purement ge\u0301ne\u0301raliste\u201d poursuit Matthew Combs : \u201cEn fin de compte, en diversifiant ces caracte\u0301ristiques, Borrelia burgdorferi augmente ses chances de persister dans l\u2019environnement, quels que soient les ho\u0302tes pre\u0301sents\u201d.<\/p>\n

La bacte\u0301rie survit en diversifiant son ge\u0301notype a\u0300 son ho\u0302te<\/b><\/p>\n

Matthew Combs et ses colle\u0300gues ont analyse\u0301 la diversite\u0301 ge\u0301ne\u0301tique de la bacte\u0301rie Bb, en se concentrant plus particulie\u0300rement une prote\u0301ine ne\u0301cessaire lors du processus d\u2019infection. En observant des infections de passereaux et de souris a\u0300 pattes blanches par pre\u0300s de 700 tiques diffe\u0301rentes pre\u0301leve\u0301es dans la re\u0301gion de Rhode Island, les chercheurs de\u0301montrent que la bacte\u0301rie Bb, contrairement a\u0300 ce qui e\u0301te\u0301 admis jusqu\u2019a\u0300 pre\u0301sent, adapte son ge\u0301notype a\u0300 l\u2019ho\u0302te qu\u2019elle infecte.<\/p>\n

\u201cCertains ge\u0301notypes de la bacte\u0301rie sont capables d\u2019infecter aussi bien les oiseaux que les souris, tandis que d\u2019autres deviennent plus spe\u0301cialise\u0301s sur une seule espe\u0300ce, ce qui signifie qu\u2019ils ne restent pas assez longtemps pour passer a\u0300 de nouvelles tiques et poursuivre le cycle de transmission\u201d, illustre le chercheur. En poursuivant leurs e\u0301tudes, les scientifiques pourraient de\u0301couvrir des ge\u0301notypes capables d\u2019infecter n\u2019importe quel ho\u0302te, mais aussi comprendre quels ge\u0301notypes sont responsables des formes d\u2019infection plus intenses chez l\u2019homme. E\u0301tendue a\u0300 d\u2019autres pathoge\u0300nes, cette me\u0301thode permettrait une meilleure compre\u0301hension de la transmission des maladies zoonotiques, qui sont amene\u0301es a\u0300 se multiplier dans les anne\u0301es a\u0300 venir.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Mali<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. Rarement mortelle, la maladie de Lyme, aussi appele\u0301e Borre\u0301liose de Lyme, est la maladie vectorielle la plus transmise en France et dans de nombreux pays europe\u0301ens, et touche environ 50.000 personnes en France chaque anne\u0301e, selon Sante\u0301 Publique France. On appelle \u00ab maladie vectorielle \u00bb une maladie infectieuse transmise par l\u2019interme\u0301diaire de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":37516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,17],"tags":[76,86,19],"class_list":["post-37517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mali","tag-mali"],"yoast_head":"\nComment les bact\u00e9ries responsables de la maladie de Lyme s\u2019adaptent \u00e0 leurs h\u00f4tes - Mali<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rarement mortelle, la maladie de Lyme, aussi appele\u0301e Borre\u0301liose de Lyme, est la maladie vectorielle la plus transmise ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment les bact\u00e9ries responsables de la maladie de Lyme s\u2019adaptent \u00e0 leurs h\u00f4tes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rarement mortelle, la maladie de Lyme, aussi appele\u0301e Borre\u0301liose de Lyme, est la maladie vectorielle la plus transmise ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mali\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-18T19:12:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-08-18T21:11:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2023\/08\/sm_1692376747.930232.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Comment les bact\u00e9ries responsables de la maladie de Lyme s\u2019adaptent \u00e0 leurs h\u00f4tes\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-18T19:12:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-18T21:11:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes\"},\"wordCount\":736,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2023\/08\/sm_1692376747.930232.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Mali\",\"mali\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/divers\/comment-les-bacteries-responsables-de-la-maladie-de-lyme-sadaptent-a-leurs-hotes\",\"name\":\"Comment les bact\u00e9ries responsables de la maladie de Lyme s\u2019adaptent \u00e0 leurs h\u00f4tes - 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