{"id":38421,"date":"2023-09-19T21:32:55","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T21:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/politique\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation"},"modified":"2023-09-20T20:09:10","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T20:09:10","slug":"crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation","title":{"rendered":"Crises au Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso\u2026 \u00c9ternels stigmates de la colonisation ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. <\/strong><\/span>Anciennes colonies franc\u0327aises, le Niger, le Mali et le Burkina Faso rejettent aujourd’hui la moindre pre\u0301sence franc\u0327aise sur leur territoire. Entre de\u0301sinformation russe et volonte\u0301 d’inde\u0301pendance, comment comprendre les crises politiques qui secouent ces pays par le prisme de l’histoire ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Depuis deux ans, cinq pays d\u2019Afrique francophone ont connu un coup d\u2019E\u0301tat militaire. Re\u0301cemment, la junte nige\u0301rienne a pris le pouvoir en prenant en otage l\u2019ancien pre\u0301sident et en menac\u0327ant l\u2019ambassade franc\u0327aise, explique Marc-Antoine Pe\u0301rouse de Montclos, politologue et spe\u0301cialiste de l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne : \u201cnous ne savons actuellement pas grand-chose, si ce n\u2019est que la junte bloque le ravitaillement de l\u2019ambassade franc\u0327aise. On ne peut pas encore parler de prise d\u2019otages, comme c\u2019est le cas pour l\u2019ancien pre\u0301sident Bazoum qui, lui, est fait prisonnier a\u0300 Niamey. En effet, contrairement aux anciens dirigeants maliens et burkinabe\u0301s, Bazoum n\u2019a pas ce\u0301de\u0301 et n\u2019a pas signe\u0301 de lettre de de\u0301mission\u201d. Marc-Antoine Pe\u0301rouse de Montclos estime par ailleurs que l\u2019emploi de la rhe\u0301torique antifranc\u0327aise est un outil de cre\u0301dibilite\u0301 pour la junte militaire : \u201cils n\u2019ont pas la le\u0301gitimite\u0301 des urnes, donc ils le compensent en attisant le ressentiment contre l\u2019ancienne puissance coloniale. Celui-ci existe depuis longtemps, mais est aujourd\u2019hui comple\u0300tement instrumentalise\u0301.\u201d<\/p>\n

Un sentiment antifranc\u0327ais paradoxal ?<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019historien spe\u0301cialiste des empires coloniaux Pierre Singarave\u0301lou note toutefois une singularite\u0301 : \u201cnous vivons un moment paradoxal, car le sentiment antifranc\u0327ais au sein des opinions publiques dans ces pays s\u2019exacerbe, alors que la pre\u0301sence franc\u0327aise n\u2019a jamais e\u0301te\u0301 aussi faible en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et en Afrique centrale.\u201d<\/p>\n

Il rappelle le contexte dans lequel la \u201cFranc\u0327afrique\u201d a e\u0301merge\u0301 a\u0300 la veille des de\u0301colonisations : \u201cce syste\u0300me avait pour but de reconfigurer l\u2019empire colonial. Il s\u2019agissait de transformer l’empire en un syste\u0300me d\u2019influence, fonde\u0301 sur un certain nombre de piliers, dont la pre\u0301sence militaire, l\u2019aide publique au de\u0301veloppement, la Francophonie, etc. Ce qui est troublant, c\u2019est la continuite\u0301 de cette politique entre les anne\u0301es 1960 et le milieu des anne\u0301es 1990. Depuis, c’est vraiment Franc\u0327ois Hollande qui l’a quelque peu re\u0301active\u0301e avec l\u2019ope\u0301ration Barkhane.\u201d Alors me\u0302me que la France est de moins en moins pre\u0301sente dans la zone, Marc-Antoine Pe\u0301rouse de Montclos confirme que l\u2019anciennete\u0301 de cette politique et l\u2019arrive\u0301e de nouvelles troupes militaires en 2013 a intensifie\u0301 le sentiment antifranc\u0327ais.<\/p>\n

Les enjeux historiques de la pre\u0301sence franc\u0327aise en Afrique<\/b><\/p>\n

Le maintien d’une pre\u0301sence en Afrique re\u0301pondait a\u0300 plusieurs objectifs, selon Pierre Singarave\u0301lou : \u201cil s\u2019agissait de maintenir l\u2019influence franc\u0327aise dans la re\u0301gion, avec une strate\u0301gie efficace et lucrative. Au moment ou\u0300 les pays africains conquie\u0300rent leur inde\u0301pendance, la France est en effet obse\u0301de\u0301e par sa propre inde\u0301pendance e\u0301nerge\u0301tique et par la ne\u0301cessite\u0301 de fonder un nouvel empire nucle\u0301aire. Elle veut se\u0301curiser ses sources d\u2019approvisionnement en uranium, qui se trouvent au Niger, au Gabon ou a\u0300 Madagascar. Ne\u0301anmoins, on observe ces dernie\u0300res anne\u0301es un de\u0301sengagement des grandes entreprises franc\u0327aises en Afrique. C’est aujourd’hui la Chine qui est tre\u0300s pre\u0301sente dans cette re\u0301gion. Cela marque une e\u0301volution forte.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ce retrait e\u0301conomique progressif n\u2019est pourtant pas synonyme d\u2019un de\u0301part de\u0301finitif. Le the\u0300me de la \u201cfrancophonie\u201d, promu par les grands leaders nationalistes africains dans les anne\u0301es 1950 et 1960, est aujourd\u2019hui tre\u0300s conteste\u0301. En de\u0301pit de l\u2019e\u0301tablissement d\u2019Alliances franc\u0327aises, la langue de Molie\u0300re n’a en re\u0301alite\u0301 pas e\u0301te\u0301 diffuse\u0301e dans toutes les couches de la socie\u0301te\u0301. Marc-Antoine Pe\u0301rouse de Montclos donne l\u2019exemple du Niger, ou\u0300 \u201ca\u0300 peine 5 % des habitants comprennent le franc\u0327ais. La langue est de moins en moins parle\u0301e en Afrique, au profit de l\u2019anglais, de l\u2019arabe et des langues vernaculaires. Le franc\u0327ais n\u2019est me\u0302me pas la langue du commerce.\u201d<\/p>\n

– Pierre Singarave\u0301lou Historien spe\u0301cialiste des empires coloniaux et de la mondialisation, professeur au King’s College de Londres et a\u0300 l’universite\u0301 Paris I Panthe\u0301on-Sorbonne.<\/p>\n

– Marc-Antoine Pe\u0301rouse de Montclos Politologue, Directeur de recherche de l’IRD<\/p>\n

source: radiofrance<\/b><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Mali<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. Anciennes colonies franc\u0327aises, le Niger, le Mali et le Burkina Faso rejettent aujourd’hui la moindre pre\u0301sence franc\u0327aise sur leur territoire. Entre de\u0301sinformation russe et volonte\u0301 d’inde\u0301pendance, comment comprendre les crises politiques qui secouent ces pays par le prisme de l’histoire ? Depuis deux ans, cinq pays d\u2019Afrique francophone ont connu un coup […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":38420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,17],"tags":[76,86,19],"class_list":["post-38421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mali","tag-mali"],"yoast_head":"\nCrises au Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso\u2026 \u00c9ternels stigmates de la colonisation ? - Mali<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Anciennes colonies franc\u0327aises, le Niger, le Mali et le Burkina Faso rejettent aujourd'hui la moindre pre\u0301sence franc ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Crises au Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso\u2026 \u00c9ternels stigmates de la colonisation ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Anciennes colonies franc\u0327aises, le Niger, le Mali et le Burkina Faso rejettent aujourd'hui la moindre pre\u0301sence franc ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mali\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-09-19T21:32:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-20T20:09:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2023\/09\/sm_1695151177.756667.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"315\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Crises au Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso\u2026 \u00c9ternels stigmates de la colonisation ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-09-19T21:32:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-20T20:09:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation\"},\"wordCount\":794,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2023\/09\/sm_1695151177.756667.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Mali\",\"mali\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Dossiers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/dossiers\/crises-au-niger-mali-burkina-faso-eternels-stigmates-de-la-colonisation\",\"name\":\"Crises au Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso\u2026 \u00c9ternels stigmates de la colonisation ? 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