{"id":7894,"date":"2021-11-08T13:50:11","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T13:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/?p=7894"},"modified":"2021-11-08T12:13:21","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T12:13:21","slug":"derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem","title":{"rendered":"Derri\u00e8re le Goncourt 2021, le destin tragique de Yambo Ouologuem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. <\/strong><\/span>Mohamed Mbougar Sarr a re\u00e7u le prix Goncourt 2021 pour son roman \u201cLa plus secr\u00e8te m\u00e9moire des hommes\u201d, une fiction qui s\u2019inspire du discr\u00e9dit qu\u2019a v\u00e9cu l\u2019auteur malien Yambo Ouologuem.<\/p>\n

LITT\u00c9RATURE \u2013 C\u2019est une victoire pleine de sens. Ce mercredi 3 novembre, le prix Goncourt 2021 a \u00e9t\u00e9 remis \u00e0 l\u2019auteur s\u00e9n\u00e9galais Mohamed Mbougar Sarr pour son quatri\u00e8me et dernier roman La plus secr\u00e8te m\u00e9moire des hommes, paru aux \u00e9ditions Philippe Rey au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt dernier.<\/p>\n

Son histoire est celle d\u2019un certain Di\u00e9gane Latyr Faye, un jeune \u00e9crivain s\u00e9n\u00e9galais install\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris qui, boulevers\u00e9 par la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un livre paru en 1938, d\u00e9cide d\u2019enqu\u00eater sur le r\u00e9cit qui se cache derri\u00e8re ce roman. Une qu\u00eate qui va l\u2019emmener sur les traces de son auteur, T.C. Elimane, au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, en Argentine, \u00e0 Amsterdam et \u00e0 Paris.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9moire de la colonisation, de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, de la Shoah\u2026 Dans son livre, l\u2019auteur de 31 ans creuse dans les souvenirs et l\u2019histoire myst\u00e9rieuse d\u2019un auteur disparu des radars. Ce r\u00e9cit, m\u00ealant fiction et v\u00e9rit\u00e9, ne vient pas de nulle part, il est inspir\u00e9 du destin tragique de l\u2019\u00e9crivain malien Yambo Ouologuem.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en 2017 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 77 ans, il est le vainqueur du prix Renaudot en 1968 pour son premier roman Le Devoir de violence. C\u2019est la premi\u00e8re fois dans l\u2019histoire de la prestigieuse r\u00e9compense qu\u2019un homme originaire du continent africain re\u00e7oit cette distinction. Mais voil\u00e0, le jeune \u00e9crivain qu\u2019il est n\u2019a pas longtemps savour\u00e9 sa victoire.<\/p>\n

Et pour cause, de nombreuses voix s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8vent presque aussit\u00f4t pour d\u00e9noncer ses \u00e9crits, estimant que le texte de Yambo Ouologuem, une saga fictionnelle sur huit si\u00e8cles sur des seigneurs f\u00e9odaux africains du nom des Sa\u00effs, insinue que des chefs locaux ont contribu\u00e9 au colonialisme en Afrique. On lui reproche d\u2019\u00eatre un tra\u00eetre, surtout au regard du contexte international des ann\u00e9es 1960, p\u00e9riode des ind\u00e9pendances.<\/p>\n

La col\u00e8re \u00e0 son \u00e9gard ne d\u00e9semplit pas. Pis, elle est accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une pol\u00e9mique parall\u00e8le. Au m\u00eame moment, des auteurs reconnaissent dans les lignes de Yambo Ouologuem leurs propres textes. Certains, comme Andr\u00e9 Schwartz-Bart, sont flatt\u00e9s. D\u2019autres portent plainte, \u00e0 l\u2019instar de l\u2019auteur anglais Graham Greene.<\/p>\n

Yambo Ouologuem ne s\u2019est jamais cach\u00e9 de ces emprunts. Ils s\u2019inscrivent dans sa pratique litt\u00e9raire. Cependant, comme se rem\u00e9more la Radio t\u00e9l\u00e9vision Suisse, \u201cil n\u2019est pas encore question d\u2019intertextualit\u00e9 [terme d\u00e9signant l\u2019ensemble de textes mis en relation dans un seul et unique texte, NDLR] \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque et les emprunts nombreux et av\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 Maupassant, Flaubert, la Bible ou le Coran font scandale\u201d.<\/p>\n

Le scandale est tel qu\u2019il pousse son \u00e9diteur, les \u00e9ditions du Seuil, \u00e0 r\u00e9trop\u00e9daler. Le Devoir de violence est retir\u00e9 du march\u00e9. Yambo Ouloguem, lui, se sent discr\u00e9dit\u00e9. Il quitte Paris et d\u00e9cide de rentrer au Mali, pays depuis lequel il publie en 1969 Letttre \u00e0 la France n\u00e8gre, texte dans lequel il dit vouloir mettre \u00e0 mal les id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues sur les rapports ambigus entre Noirs et Blancs.<\/p>\n

D\u2019autres romans vont suivre, notamment un livre empreint d\u2019\u00e9rotisme intitul\u00e9 Les mille et une Bibles du sexe. Mais voil\u00e0, reclus \u00e0 S\u00e9var\u00e9, il abandonne rapidement la litt\u00e9rature et l\u2019\u00e9criture. Il ne veut plus entendre parler de ses livres et souhaite se tenir \u00e0 distance de son pass\u00e9. Alors m\u00eame qu\u2019il renoue avec sa pi\u00e9t\u00e9 musulmane, les informations \u00e0 son sujet se font de plus en plus rares au cours des ann\u00e9es, certaines personnes le d\u00e9clarant m\u00eame mort dix ans avant son v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9c\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

Depuis, on tente de r\u00e9habiliter son travail. \u201cCette affaire, selon le professeur en litt\u00e9rature francophone Romuald Fonkoua, cachait au fond l\u2019av\u00e8nement dans le champ de la litt\u00e9rature noire africaine subsaharienne d\u2019un \u00e9crivain qui a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de faire de la litt\u00e9rature une activit\u00e9 individuelle, autonome et authentique de cr\u00e9ation \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 cette dimension quasi professionnelle n\u2019est pas d\u2019actualit\u00e9 dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s postcoloniales domin\u00e9es.\u201d<\/p>\n

Des documents d\u00e9couverts en 2018 ont apport\u00e9 de nouveaux \u00e9clairages sur l\u2019affaire des plagiats. \u201cOn y d\u00e9couvre que, contrairement \u00e0 ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 dit, l\u2019initiative d\u2019\u00e9crire un remake africain du Dernier des Justes d\u2019Andr\u00e9 Schwarz-Bart ne vient pas du Seuil mais, sciemment ou non, de Ouologuem\u201d, explique au Point l\u2019\u00e9crivain et chercheur Jean-Pierre Orban.<\/p>\n

\u201cQue le manuscrit a \u00e9t\u00e9 retravaill\u00e9 pendant l\u2019hiver 1967-1968 de concert entre Ouologuem et son \u00e9diteur Fran\u00e7ois-R\u00e9gis Bastide. Que personne, au Seuil, ni ailleurs, sauf une exception [Robert Kanters, du Figaro Litt\u00e9raire], ne d\u00e9c\u00e8le clairement les emprunts \u00e0 Schwarz-Bart, ou en tout cas ne les prend en compte\u201d, poursuit-il.<\/p>\n

Dans son pays, Yambo Ouloguem est aujourd\u2019hui consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un \u00e9crivain illustre. \u00c0 chaque rentr\u00e9e litt\u00e9raire, un prix en son nom est d\u00e9cern\u00e9 pour r\u00e9compenser une \u0153uvre francophone d\u2019un auteur du continent africain. Tandis que Le devoir de violence a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9\u00e9dit\u00e9 au Seuil, en 2018, la victoire de Mohamed Mbougar Sarr ravive, elle, sa m\u00e9moire. Par huffingtonpost.fr<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Mali<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. Mohamed Mbougar Sarr a re\u00e7u le prix Goncourt 2021 pour son roman \u201cLa plus secr\u00e8te m\u00e9moire des hommes\u201d, une fiction qui s\u2019inspire du discr\u00e9dit qu\u2019a v\u00e9cu l\u2019auteur malien Yambo Ouologuem. LITT\u00c9RATURE \u2013 C\u2019est une victoire pleine de sens. Ce mercredi 3 novembre, le prix Goncourt 2021 a \u00e9t\u00e9 remis \u00e0 l\u2019auteur s\u00e9n\u00e9galais […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":7893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,11,17],"tags":[76,86,19],"class_list":["post-7894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-et-art","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mali","tag-mali"],"yoast_head":"\nDerri\u00e8re le Goncourt 2021, le destin tragique de Yambo Ouologuem - Mali<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mohamed Mbougar Sarr a re\u00e7u le prix Goncourt 2021 pour son roman \u201cLa plus secr\u00e8te m\u00e9moire des hommes\u201d, une fiction qu ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Derri\u00e8re le Goncourt 2021, le destin tragique de Yambo Ouologuem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mohamed Mbougar Sarr a re\u00e7u le prix Goncourt 2021 pour son roman \u201cLa plus secr\u00e8te m\u00e9moire des hommes\u201d, une fiction qu ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mali\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-08T13:50:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2021\/11\/img-618912e621f8a.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"956\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Derri\u00e8re le Goncourt 2021, le destin tragique de Yambo Ouologuem\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-08T13:50:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem\"},\"wordCount\":939,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mali\/sites\/21\/2021\/11\/img-618912e621f8a.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Mali\",\"mali\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture et Art\",\"homepage-french\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/culture-et-art\/derriere-le-goncourt-2021-le-destin-tragique-de-yambo-ouologuem\",\"name\":\"Derri\u00e8re le Goncourt 2021, le destin tragique de Yambo Ouologuem - 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