{"id":10434,"date":"2022-02-14T07:27:14","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T07:27:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/has-the-chinas-offensive-in-africa-come-to-an-end"},"modified":"2022-02-14T07:27:14","modified_gmt":"2022-02-14T07:27:14","slug":"has-the-chinas-offensive-in-africa-come-to-an-end","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/has-the-chinas-offensive-in-africa-come-to-an-end","title":{"rendered":"Has the China\u2019s offensive in Africa come to an end?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mauritius. <\/strong><\/span>It is impossible to count the number of projects led by Chinese construction groups on the continent. From the Foundiougne toll bridge being completed in Senegal to the urban motorway under construction in Nairobi, not to mention the recent railway contract with Tanzania and Cairo\u2019s Iconic Tower, Africa\u2019s future tallest tower, Beijing has a huge appetite for African projects.<\/p>\n

And \u2013 until now at least \u2013 it has had enough money to finance them. The wave of Chinese projects on the continent began more than 20 years ago after the Middle Kingdom launched its \u201cGoing Out\u201d doctrine in 1999 and has only grown stronger over the years.<\/p>\n

Today, it is on par with President Xi Jiping\u2019s international ambitions and the weight of the companies he is dragging in his wake. \u2026the relative share of Chinese groups remains virtually unchanged at 31.4% of projects on average, with a peak of 50% in East Africa and a figure of 30% in West Africa.<\/p>\n

According to the latest ranking by US magazine ENR (see the top 10 below) \u2013 besides a handful of European businesses, including the familiar African companies Vinci, Eiffage and Bouygues \u2013 14 of the world\u2019s top 20 construction groups are Chinese.<\/p>\n

Beijing\u2019s leading position in construction, which has just been confirmed once again by Deloitte\u2019s reference study \u201cAfrica Construction Trends\u201d, is indisputable on the continent. The report, which covers the year 2020, lists a total of 385 projects worth more than $50m with a total value of $399bn.<\/p>\n

As a result of Covid, these figures are down from 2019 (452 projects worth $497bn), but the relative share of Chinese groups remains virtually unchanged at 31.4% of projects on average, with a peak of 50% in East Africa and a figure of 30% in West Africa. Their ability to act quickly makes them unavoidable<\/p>\n

\u201cChinese groups continue to benefit from their comparative advantages of competitive costs and their ability to act quickly, particularly on the financial side,\u201d says Martyn Davies, Deloitte\u2019s head of Emerging Markets & Africa, based in Johannesburg, South Africa. Ever since the health crisis began, Turkish companies have been less active on the continent. This is not the case with Chinese groups.<\/p>\n

For example, according to their federation, French companies saw their relative market share on the continent drop from 24% to 8% between 2004 and 2017, while that of their Chinese counterparts jumped from 17% to 55%, in a market that increased sevenfold over the same period.<\/p>\n

Since then, the French majors have passed the 10% mark again. Launched in 2013 by Jinping, the \u201cOne Belt One Road\u201d initiative \u2013 with its African variation of mega-projects, particularly in the eastern part of the continent (such as in Djibouti, Kenya and Tanzania) \u2013 is obviously one of the reasons behind this rise in power.<\/p>\n

But that is not the main point. \u201cOut of all the sub-regions, there is hardly an infrastructure project, even a small one, that Chinese companies are not bidding on.<\/p>\n

Ever since the health crisis began, Turkish companies have been less active on the continent. This is not the case with Chinese groups,\u201d says a business lawyer specialising in infrastructure projects.<\/p>\n

Uncommon expertise and financial power All of these projects not only have confusing acronyms \u2013 CCCC, CRCC, CRG, CCECC (see map below) \u2013 but also happen to be publicly owned groups.<\/p>\n

Some are owned by provinces, but most, including the largest such as CSCEC, CCCC, Sinohydro and China Railway Group, are directly under the control of China\u2019s State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (Sasac), a powerful state holding company.<\/p>\n

Besides their size and expertise, acquired thanks to the formidable development of the Chinese domestic market, the secret behind the success of these companies in Africa lies above all in their financial power.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe development model of Chinese groups in Africa in infrastructure and their growth over the past two decades is based on the provision of turnkey projects, but above all contracts that include negotiating financing from state to state,\u201d says Richard Touroude, general delegate of the Syndicat des Entrepreneurs Fran\u00e7ais Internationaux (Sefi).<\/p>\n

Levers named Exim Bank and CDB The levers of this strategy are the Exim Bank of China and the China Development Bank, which are under the direct supervision of Beijing\u2019s State Council, and sometimes other players such as ICBC, the world\u2019s largest bank, which is also public.<\/p>\n

In addition, there is the export guarantee agency Sinosure. \u201cIn technical and quality terms, Chinese groups have undeniably progressed in recent years.<\/p>\n

Competition with Western groups could therefore be fair at this level. But their opaque financing methods often give them a decisive advantage,\u201d says Touroude.<\/p>\n

The head of the French construction and public works company said that one of the reasons for this was because Eiffage beat Sinohydro to the \u20ac140m Singrobo dam in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire in a call for tenders led by the Africa Finance Corporation (AFC), which required transparency in the financial arrangements.<\/p>\n

Lack of transparency To avoid distortions of competition linked to state support, Western companies are required to respect the framework of the Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits, adopted by OECD countries in 1978 and regularly revised, most recently in July 2021.<\/p>\n

But China is obviously not a signatory to this agreement and no transparency rules appear in any other institutional framework (G20, WTO\u2026). \u201cIt is almost impossible to obtain detailed information on Chinese financing agreements.<\/p>\n

What we do know is that they generally include fairly harsh guarantee clauses, often based on assets,\u201d says a business lawyer. In fact, although China provided nearly $12bn in financing and investment to Djibouti between 2012 and 2020, no one outside of those involved knows the actual financial terms.<\/p>\n

Even within a consortium of Chinese and non-Chinese companies, the latter are not always aware of the financial terms of the contracts that the Chinese construction groups with which they are associated have entered into.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe commercial and financial conditions linked to the construction of our railway between our bauxite deposit in Santou and the river port of Dapilong, carried out by China Railways Construction Group (CRCC), were negotiated only by the Chinese and Singaporean shareholders of our SMB-Winning consortium, we don\u2019t know them,\u201d says frenchman Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Bouzigues, general manager of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Mini\u00e8re de Bok\u00e9 (SMB).<\/p>\n

His company is the beneficiary of the rail, even though his teams only ensured the technical and quality monitoring of the site. An era about to end But the Chinese builders\u2019 era of unrestrained expansion may be coming to an end.<\/p>\n

Firstly, according to professionals, \u201cChinese-style\u201d packages on projects \u2013 including the import of labour and materials \u2013 are tending to become rarer.<\/p>\n

Two of the Chinese construction giants\u2019 stated priorities are to employ a majority of African employees on construction sites and hire local subcontractors.<\/p>\n

We feel that the desire for growth at all costs in Africa is waning. Even more crucial is the issue of financing. The Covid-19 health crisis has put a strain on the finances of many African countries, such as Chad and Congo-Brazzaville.<\/p>\n

And Beijing has paid lip service to some of the discussions held within the \u201ccommon framework\u201d, which was developed this year to manage the losses caused by the pandemic (Debt Service Suspension Initiative).<\/p>\n

But the majority of Sino-African bilateral debts are negotiated directly between Beijing and the continent\u2019s capitals, often painfully. According to the John Hopkins University\u2019s China Africa Research Initiative, Beijing has suspended $12.1bn in debts owed by African states since the beginning of the Covid-19 crisis.<\/p>\n

And now, African leaders, such as the DRC\u2019s F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi, have started to publicly question infrastructure contracts signed with Beijing in the past. Changing trajectory<\/p>\n

China\u2019s state-owned export banks are also becoming more cautious, in line with the more selective growth policy of the Chinese Communist Party\u2019s (CCP) 14th plan (2021-2025).<\/p>\n

\u201cWe feel that the desire for growth at all costs in Africa is waning,\u201d says one professional. According to Deloitte, the share of projects financed by China fell from 20.4% to 14.8% between 2019 and 2020.<\/p>\n

Players such as Exim Bank of China and the guarantee agency Sinosure have reached their limit when it comes to the most indebted African countries and are reluctant to increase their risks further. In an analysis note dating from December 2020, the British law firm Pinsent Masons\u2019 Beijing office confirmed this change in trajectory.<\/p>\n

Some Chinese construction groups are now even seeking financing from outside China, from commercial banks or even development institutions based notably in Europe, where rates are lower than in China. At the same time, industry insiders have noted that other Chinese commercial banks less tied to Beijing\u2019s foreign policy are becoming more involved.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe rise in commodity prices on the continent continues to act as a powerful pull factor for many of them,\u201d says Davies, who believes that Chinese construction giants have a bright future ahead of them. Even though they are no longer growing at the same rate, they have no plans to withdraw.<\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Mauritius<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mauritius. It is impossible to count the number of projects led by Chinese construction groups on the continent. From the Foundiougne toll bridge being completed in Senegal to the urban motorway under construction in Nairobi, not to mention the recent railway contract with Tanzania and Cairo\u2019s Iconic Tower, Africa\u2019s future tallest tower, Beijing […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":10433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6,8,16],"tags":[242,233,245,171,241],"class_list":["post-10434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-files","category-homepage-english","category-twitter","tag-africa","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mauritius","tag-china","tag-mauritius"],"yoast_head":"\nHas the China\u2019s offensive in Africa come to an end? - Mauritius<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/has-the-chinas-offensive-in-africa-come-to-an-end\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Has the China\u2019s offensive in Africa come to an end?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Africa-Press – Mauritius. It is impossible to count the number of projects led by Chinese construction groups on the continent. 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