{"id":17911,"date":"2022-07-11T08:13:46","date_gmt":"2022-07-11T08:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/the-perfect-imbalance-of-gender-and-drug-policies"},"modified":"2022-07-11T09:58:19","modified_gmt":"2022-07-11T09:58:19","slug":"the-perfect-imbalance-of-gender-and-drug-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/the-perfect-imbalance-of-gender-and-drug-policies","title":{"rendered":"The perfect imbalance of gender and drug policies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Mauritius. <\/strong><\/span>Mary (not her real name) was a smart student living in Mauritius who dreamt of becoming a social worker. After losing contact with my childhood friend and classmate in high school, we met up 10 years later.<br \/>\nShe wasn\u2019t a social worker. A struggling single mother of two, she had become addicted to drugs. The father of Mary\u2019s children, also a user, was arrested and imprisoned for drug dealing.<br \/>\nHer children were removed to state care, and although she learnt skills in rehab such as handcraft and sewing, she struggled to resume a normal life. Finding work was difficult and she couldn\u2019t get custody of her children. Mary\u2019s story isn\u2019t unique to Mauritius. It is a common experience of female drug users in Africa and globally.<br \/>\nIt\u2019s also a good example of how in most parts of the world, drug <a href=\"https:\/\/www.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ohchr.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/EN\/NewsEvents\/Pages\/DisplayNews.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;aspx?NewsID=24330&amp;LangID=E\">policies<\/a>, especially those dealing with rehabilitation, often fail to consider the gendered aspect of users, specifically women.<br \/>\nWhile the concept of gender encompasses both males and females, the focus here is on women recovering from drug use. Mauritius is often hailed as an African country that <a href=\"http:\/\/hdr.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;undp.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/sites\/all\/themes\/hdr_theme\/country-notes\/MUS.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">exemplifies<\/a> good governance and human development.<\/p>\n<p>The island has made some strides in achieving gender equality, <a href=\"http:\/\/www3.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;weforum.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/docs\/WEF_GGGR_2017.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">ranking<\/a> 20th in sub-Saharan Africa according to the World Economic Forum\u2019s 2017 Global Gender Gap Report.<\/p>\n<p>Woman drug users are seen as being at the bottom of the social strata, below their male counterparts In the education sector, 58.2% of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;tec.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;mu\/pdf_downloads\/Participation_Tertiary_Education_2018.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">students<\/a> in tertiary institutions in 2018 were female.<\/p>\n<p>In 2019, women made up around 39% of most senior positions in government services compared to 37% in 2018. Mauritius appointed its first female president, Dr Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, in 2015.<\/p>\n<p>In 2019 the World Bank <a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;worldbank.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/31327\/WBL2019.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">ranked<\/a> the country as one of the top six economies in addressing discriminatory laws and regulations that limit women\u2019s equality of opportunity.<\/p>\n<p>However, these achievements shadow a sinister side to the island. Mauritius had one of the highest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;unodc.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/documents\/wdr\/WDR_2010\/2.0_Drug_statistics_and_Trends.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">rates<\/a> of drug use per capita in Africa in 2010.<br \/>\nRates of heroin injection were also high, with a prevalence of 61.8% among <a href=\"https:\/\/www.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;unaids.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/MUS_narrative_report_2015.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">females<\/a> and 42.5% among males in 2013.<br \/>\nMauritius\u2019s history of drug policy has been predominantly punitive. The Dangerous Drugs Act of 2000 continues to punish people caught for personal drug use with imprisonment or a fine, or both. These measures haven\u2019t led to a decrease in drug consumption. And many negative consequences have emerged, particularly regarding public health.<br \/>\nIn 2005, 92% of new HIV\/AIDS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;unaids.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/sites\/default\/files\/country\/documents\/mauritius_2010_country_progress_report_en.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">infections<\/a> in Mauritius were among people who inject drugs.<\/p>\n<p>This health crisis was a turning point for the government, which started introducing harm-reduction services. In 2017, the rate of new HIV infections among people who inject drugs had fallen to 32.4%.<\/p>\n<p>It was the first time in over 10 years that females injecting drugs had a <a href=\"https:\/\/health.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;govmu.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/Documents\/Main%20Page\/New\/IBBS%20Survey%20report%20for%20PWIDs%202017.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">lower<\/a> HIV prevalence at 28.5% than males injecting drugs, at 33.2%.<\/p>\n<p>After rehabilitation, male drug users in Mauritius are more likely to find low-skill jobs than women Due to the stereotypes of women as society\u2019s nurturers, homemakers and caregivers, female drug users globally tend to be stigmatised more than males.<br \/>\nWoman users are perceived as being at the bottom of the social strata, below their male counterparts. Those who manage to escape their situation tend to be rejected by their peers and society.<br \/>\nDrug consumption is often driven by poverty and social neglect. However, drug policies mostly neglect these issues, favouring measures that eradicate and outlaw narcotics.<\/p>\n<p>And approaches that do consider social problems don\u2019t necessarily account for gender. This is because policy generally tends to be formulated to deal with specific situations rather than specific groups of people.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Policies are documents which often do not reflect the reality of people on the ground,\u2019 says Dr Craig Moffat, head of the Governance Delivery and Impact programme at Good Governance Africa.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018From a policy perspective, everyone is treated the same with a level playing [field].<\/p>\n<p>\u2019 However, society isn\u2019t equal. Patriarchal settings favour males who may be less stigmatised for using drugs due to the gender roles they are assigned.<br \/>\nInadvertently, policy can become a tool of oppression \u2013 an example being the rehabilitation aspect of Mauritius\u2019s drug policies. Marginalisation and stigma often propel former female users back into the drug abuse cycle<br \/>\nWhile the country has made promising advances, the rehabilitation policy mostly fails to account for gender. Its provisions for helping women earn an income and integrate back into their communities are limited.<br \/>\nAfter completing rehabilitation, male drug users are more likely to find low-skill jobs than women, predominantly due to the <a href=\"http:\/\/documents1.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;worldbank.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;org\/curated\/en\/704641592550122964\/pdf\/Fostering-Labor-Force-Participation-among-Mauritian-Women-Quantitative-and-Qualitative-Evidence.&lt;br&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;pdf\">gender<\/a> gap in Mauritius\u2019s labour market.<\/p>\n<p>To address this gap, organisations have started establishing rehabilitation facilities catering for females only. They help women acquire skills to start micro-businesses in their local areas.<\/p>\n<p>While these skills can be helpful, such programmes must guard against perpetuating gender stereotypes by focusing on \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019. As Mary\u2019s story shows, handcraft and sewing are often ineffective in helping women earn an income.<\/p>\n<p>When drug policies and implementation plans are designed, they must consider how men and women will be affected. This could be achieved by involving those with direct experience of drug addiction in their drafting and application.<\/p>\n<p>A better understanding is needed of the different ways women are excluded from drug policies and how this omission reinforces stereotypes that cause them more harm.<br \/>\nFormer head of the African Union unit on Drug Control and Crime Prevention Grace Adetula says a first step is \u2018to obtain gender disaggregated data on drug users,\u2019 without invading women\u2019s privacy.<br \/>\nThe government could partner with rehabilitation centres to work with community programmes and users\u2019 families to dispel stigma and discrimination. Support to women who have recovered from addiction could also include financial assistance and helping them reunite with, and take care of, their children.<br \/>\nThe marginalisation and stigma based on gender and gender-based violence are key factors propelling former female users back into the drug abuse cycle. Until drug policies become more gender-sensitive, many women like Mary will continue to be consigned to the lowest rung in society.<\/p>\n<p><strong>For More News And Analysis About <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\">Mauritius<\/a> Follow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/\">Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Mauritius. Mary (not her real name) was a smart student living in Mauritius who dreamt of becoming a social worker. After losing contact with my childhood friend and classmate in high school, we met up 10 years later. She wasn\u2019t a social worker. A struggling single mother of two, she had become addicted [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":17910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3,8,16],"tags":[233,245,338,241],"class_list":["post-17911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-community","category-homepage-english","category-twitter","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mauritius","tag-drug","tag-mauritius"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The perfect imbalance of gender and drug policies - Mauritius<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mary (not her real name) was a smart student living in Mauritius who dreamt of becoming a social worker. 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