{"id":31375,"date":"2023-06-24T09:04:25","date_gmt":"2023-06-24T09:04:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea"},"modified":"2023-06-24T10:14:53","modified_gmt":"2023-06-24T10:14:53","slug":"chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea","title":{"rendered":"Chagos: What\u2019s next after the decision of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mauritius. <\/strong><\/span>The special chamber of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in its decision dismissed the objections of the Maldives, reinforcing the view that Chagos belongs to Mauritius and that the dispute will continue to be heard by ITLOS.<\/p>\n

So what are the implications of the ITLOS decision for the UK and the US? And why will the next chapter in the Chagos fight be coming from the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission?<\/p>\n

On 28 January a special chamber of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) dismissed Maldives\u2019 objection that it could not hear the case about a 98,828 square kilometer stretch of ocean between the Chagos and Maldives and claimed by both sides.<\/p>\n

In short, what the Maldives argued was that the ITLOS could not hear the case since it was still not clear whether it was Mauritius or the UK that owned the Chagos.<\/p>\n

However, the ITLOS overruled this argument that found that Mauritius owned the waters around the Chagos and that the dispute between the two island-states in the Indian Ocean over this stretch of the ocean could continue.<\/p>\n

The case at the ITLOS will continue as it decides the maritime boundary between Mauritius and Maldives. But the next move in the Chagos saga won\u2019t be coming out of the ITLOS, but rather it will be made at the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC).<\/p>\n

Following the ICJ verdict in 2019, Mauritius embarked on an offensive within the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) based in Victoria in Seychelles, the international authority regulating fishing in the region.<\/p>\n

IOTC membership is open to states that have coastlines along the Indian Ocean region, states that fish in the Indian Ocean as well as regional economic blocs.<\/p>\n

By virtue of its control over the Chagos, the UK is an IOTC member as a coastal state since 1995. After the ICJ verdict in February 2019, in June at an IOTC session in Hyderabad in India, Mauritius demanded that the IOTC expel the UK as a coastal state.<\/p>\n

After the ICJ verdict, Mauritius insisted, \u201cthe United Kingdom is not and cannot be the coastal state in relation to the Chagos Archipelago. The United Kingdom is therefore not entitled to be a member of the IOTC as a coastal state\u201d.<\/p>\n

At that time, other IOTC members said that needed to wait for instructions from their capitals on how to decide the question. On 4 March 2020, Mauritius once again demanded that \u201cTermination of the United Kingdom\u2019s membership in the IOTC as a coas- tal state\u201d be put on the agenda of the 24th session of the IOTC.<\/p>\n

But then Covid-19 hit and the IOTC\u2019s 24th session in November 2020 was conducted online and only discussed matters requiring urgent attention. On 8 July 2020, Mauritius said it wanted the question to be discussed at the 25th session, due to be held this year.<\/p>\n

In the meantime, Mauritius has continued to protest the UK\u2019s participation in the IOTC as a coastal state at technical committee and other IOTC meetings.<\/p>\n

The UK\u2019s response to Mauritius\u2019 offensive within the IOTC has been to re-iterate its sovereignty over the Chagos, how the ICJ was non-binding, and that given that the Chagos was within the Indian Ocean, \u201cthere can therefore be no doubt that the United Kingdom, as the state with sovereignty over BIOT as aforementioned, is entitled to be a member of the IOTC\u201d.<\/p>\n

Following the ITLOS decision, the Mauritian case at the IOTC has become incredibly strengthened, while that of the UK has considerably diminished. The first problem for London is that the ITLOS says that it recognizes Mauritius as the state with sovereignty over the Chagos that it can be, \u201cregarded as the state with an opposite or adjacent coast to the Maldives\u201d.<\/p>\n

In other words, Chagos and its coast are Mauritian, not British. The second problem for London is that the ITLOS findings are binding. And the third issue is that there is just no way that the IOTC can simply ignore, or disagree with the ITLOS by keeping London on as a coastal state member.<\/p>\n

This is for some very obvious reasons; the ITLOS is a tribunal in charge of interpreting and enforcing the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the international law regulating maritime affairs. The IOTC is a regulatory body established under the same law, the UNCLOS.<\/p>\n

Not are both of them bound by the same set of rules, but both are organizations within the UN system: ITLOS under the UNCLOS, and the IOTC being founded in 1993 under the UN\u2019s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).<\/p>\n

If it was unrealistic to expect that the ITLOS as a UN tribunal would ignore the legal determination of the UN\u2019s highest court (the ICJ), it is equally unrealistic to expect a UN regulatory body (the IOTC) to ignore a binding legal decision by the highest UN court concerning maritime affairs (the ITLOS) enforcing the same law that it itself was founded on.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s going to be pretty hard for the IOTC not to kick the UK out\u201d concludes Seegobin.<\/p>\n

Armed with the ITLOS judgment denying the UK any international right to control the Chagos, the next chapter in the Chagos saga may be coming out of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission as it meets in a special session in March this year.<\/p>\n

The ITLOS decision is full of implications for the positions of the UK and the US. First, the UK. \u201cThis is the third time since December 2010 that an international court or tribunal has decided in Mauritius\u2019 favor concerning the Chagos\u201d former UN representative of Mauritius Milan Meetarbhan tells l\u2019express. The ITLOS decision, however, is particularly damaging for the UK\u2019s argument.<\/p>\n

In 2015, an arbitral tribunal of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) decided that the UK was not allowed to unilaterally declare the Chagos archipelago a marine protected area (London tried to green-wash its control over the island chain while at the same time making resettlement of the Chagossians there impossible).<\/p>\n

Although the tribunal decided that it could not decide who the islands belonged to, it relied on a 1965 agreement on the eventual return of the islands by the UK to Mauritius to decide that Mauritius had certain rights in the Chagos and that the UK could not unilaterally declare the area a protected zone without clearing the move with Port Louis.<\/p>\n

Then in 2019, the UN\u2019s highest court, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in an advisory opinion slammed the UK\u2019s continued occupation of Chagos as \u201cunlawful\u201d and demanded the UK hand back the islands to Mauritius.<\/p>\n

A decision that was quickly followed by a UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolution that same year that demanded the UK hand back the Chagos to Mauritius by November 2019.<\/p>\n

London simply ignored both decisions. What the UK has argued since is that the UNCLOS tribunal did not decide who owned the Chagos whereas the ICJ decision was \u201cnon-binding\u201d.<\/p>\n

These were the arguments that Maldives picked up to argue at ITLOS that there still legal uncertainty about who owns the Chagos. \u201cWe have to draw a distinction here, binding means enforcement. Now we cannot argue that a lack of enforcement means that there is uncertainty about the legal principle itself\u201d explains Meetarbhan.<\/p>\n

In a nutshell is what the ITLOS decided as well when it said, \u201cdeterminations made by the ICJ in an advisory opinion cannot be disregarded simply because the advisory opinion is not binding\u201d the ITLOS concluded that the ICJ decision, \u201cdo have legal effect\u201d and that \u201cwhile the process of decolonization has yet to be completed, Mauritius\u2019 sovereignty over the Chagos archipelago can be inferred from the ICJ\u2019s determinations\u201d.<\/p>\n

The ITLOS further found the UK ignoring the UNGA\u2019s deadline to leave the Chagos only further strengthened Mauritius\u2019 claim. On the contrary, coming to the UK\u2019s argument, the ITLOS concluded that, \u201cif, indeed, the ICJ has determined that the Chagos Archipelago is a part of the territory of Mauritius, as Mauritius argues, the continued claim of the United Kingdom to sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago cannot be considered anything more than a mere assertion\u201d.<\/p>\n

According to Meetarbhan, \u201cThis is very significant, what this shows is that the UK may have been right about the power to enforce the ICJ\u2019s advisory opinion, but it is not right when it comes to the law and ignoring a determination of international law\u201d. The problem for the UK, however, is that it cannot simply shrug off the ITLOS\u2019s findings as it tried to do with the ICJ\u2019s one.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt already looked pretty damning for the UK after the ICJ and the UNGA, but this new ITLOS decision makes it worse because it says that the UK has no claim on the Chagos whatsoever and what is more, an ITLOS decision is binding\u201d says Ram Seegobin of Lalit.<\/p>\n

Indeed, the rules of the ITLOS itself state, \u201cthe judgment of the tribunal is final. It is binding on the parties to the dispute on the day it\u2019s reading\u201d.<\/p>\n

This just completely demolishes the UK\u2019s argument, Seegobin adds. For London, a binding decision from the ITLOS upholding the ICJ decision and deciding that the Chagos is Mauritian now leaves them in a tight spot.<\/p>\n

\u201cHow much longer can the UK continue to insist that the law is on its side when all these judges and tribunals are saying exactly the opposite?\u201d Meetarbhan asks, \u201cit is high time for the UK and the US to come to the negotiating table and avoiding further political embarrassment\u201d.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s not the UK that\u2019s been left high and dry by the ITLOS decision, so has the US. Following London\u2019s lead, Washington DC has traditionally refused to engage Mauritius over the Chagos by insisting that the Chagos is a bilateral problem to be solved between London and Port Louis. The ITLOS decision comes as a cold shower for Washington as well.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor there to be a bilateral issue, there must be two sides which have claims\u201d explains Seegobin, \u201cwhat ITLOS has just said is that the UK has no claims and no legal role in the Chagos so this is not a bilateral problem between Mauritius and the UK at all, Chagos is just a Mauritian problem\u201d.<\/p>\n

What the ITLOS decision (which is binding under international law) is showing is that the US is increasingly being shown to be running a military base on Diego Garcia (the largest atoll in the Chagos) on territory that is illegally occupied by a state with no claims to it under international law.<\/p>\n

With time, the political embarrassment for the US is only being compounded. Unlike the UK, the costs for the US are much smaller. Successive Mauritian governments (and all mainstream political parties without exception) have signaled their intention to keep the US base on Diego Garcia even if Mauritius gets the Chagos back. The latest offer was sent by Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth to US President Joe Biden shortly following his election.<\/p>\n

With the internationally recognized owner of the Chagos prepared to ensure that no strategic interests of the US are jeopardized, \u201cin light of these reassurances, it\u2019s going to become even more difficult for the US to continue to maintain its position, at some point it will have to ask itself why continue to go through this embarrassment?\u201d insists Meetarbhan.<\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Mauritius<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mauritius. The special chamber of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in its decision dismissed the objections of the Maldives, reinforcing the view that Chagos belongs to Mauritius and that the dispute will continue to be heard by ITLOS. So what are the implications of the ITLOS decision for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":31374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[233,245,1767,241],"class_list":["post-31375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-policy","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mauritius","tag-chagos","tag-mauritius"],"yoast_head":"\nChagos: What\u2019s next after the decision of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea? - Mauritius<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The special chamber of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in its decision dismissed the objections ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chagos: What\u2019s next after the decision of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The special chamber of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) in its decision dismissed the objections ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mauritius\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-24T09:04:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-24T10:14:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/sites\/61\/2023\/06\/sm_1687585442.052348.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"Chagos: What\u2019s next after the decision of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-24T09:04:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-24T10:14:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea\"},\"wordCount\":1933,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/sites\/61\/2023\/06\/sm_1687585442.052348.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Mauritius\",\"Chagos\",\"Mauritius\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"policy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/chagos-whats-next-after-the-decision-of-the-international-tribunal-of-the-law-of-the-sea\",\"name\":\"Chagos: What\u2019s next after the decision of the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea? 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