{"id":31651,"date":"2023-06-29T10:59:33","date_gmt":"2023-06-29T10:59:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/oceangate-a-maverick-rule-breaking-founder-and-tragic-end"},"modified":"2023-06-29T11:15:08","modified_gmt":"2023-06-29T11:15:08","slug":"oceangate-a-maverick-rule-breaking-founder-and-tragic-end","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mauritius\/all-news\/oceangate-a-maverick-rule-breaking-founder-and-tragic-end","title":{"rendered":"OceanGate: A maverick, rule-breaking founder and tragic end"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mauritius. <\/strong><\/span>Stockton Rush wanted to be known as an innovator. It didn\u2019t seem to matter how he did it. Bright, driven, born into wealth, his dream was to be the first person to reach Mars.<\/p>\n

When he realised that was unlikely to happen in his lifetime, he turned his attentions to the sea. \u201cI wanted to be Captain Kirk and in our lifetime, the final frontier is the ocean,\u201d he told a journalist in 2017.<\/p>\n

The ocean promised adventure, adrenaline and mystery. He also believed it promised profits \u2013 if he could make a success of the submersible he helped design, which he directed his company OceanGate to build.<\/p>\n

He had a maverick spirit that seemed to draw people in, earning him the admiration of his employees, passengers and investors. \u201cHis passion was amazing and I bought into it,\u201d said Aaron Newman, who travelled on Mr Rush\u2019s Titan sub and eventually became an OceanGate investor.<\/p>\n

But Mr Rush\u2019s soaring ambition also drew scrutiny from industry experts who warned he was cutting corners, putting innovation ahead of safety and risking potentially catastrophic results.<\/p>\n

It wasn\u2019t something he was willing to accept. Last week, he and four other people on board the Titan lost their lives when it imploded. \u201dYou\u2019re remembered for the rules you break,\u201d Mr Rush once said, quoting US general Douglas MacArthur.<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019ve broken some rules,\u201d he said about the Titan.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think I\u2019ve broken them with logic and good engineering behind me.<\/p>\n

\u201d Stockton Rush III was born in California in 1962 into a family that made its fortune from oil and shipping.<\/p>\n

He was sent to a prestigious boarding school, the Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire, and went on to earn a bachelor\u2019s degree in aerospace engineering from Princeton University in 1984.<\/p>\n

At 19, he became the youngest pilot in the world to qualify for jet transport rating, the highest pilot rating obtainable. He worked on F-15s and anti-satellite missile programmes, with the hope of eventually joining the US space programme and being an astronaut.<\/p>\n

But eventually that ambition lost its appeal, as a trip to the Red Planet seemed increasingly out of reach. \u201cIf someone would tell me what the commercial or military reason to go to Mars is, I would believe it\u2019s going to happen,\u201d Mr Rush told Fast Company magazine.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s just a dream.<\/p>\n

\u201dSo he shifted his gaze downward and in 2009 founded OceanGate, a private company that offered customers \u2013 Mr Rush preferred the term \u201cadventurers\u201d \u2013 a chance to experience deep sea travel, including to the wreck of the Titanic.<\/p>\n

The company, based in Everett in Washington state, was small and tight-knit. Rush would chair all-staff meetings at its headquarters, while his wife Wendy \u2013 another member of Princeton\u2019s class of 1984 \u2013 was his director of communications.<\/p>\n

A junior employee who worked at OceanGate from 2017 to 2018, and asked not to be identified, said the company headquarters felt homey and lived-in, with wiring and equipment seemingly everywhere.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt was very free-flowing.<\/p>\n

\u201d At the helm was Mr Rush.<\/p>\n

\u201cHe was just really passionate about what he was doing and very good at instilling that passion into everybody else that worked there,\u201d the employee told the BBC.<\/p>\n

At one staff meeting, Mr Rush brought virtual reality goggles for everyone to take a digital underwater tour. Mr Rush told them that this is what they were aiming for \u2013 to allow more people to have this view.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is the world I want,\u201d he told them. Mr Rush was \u201cnot a leader from the back, telling people what to do \u2013 he led from the front\u201d, said Mr Newman, the investor.<\/p>\n

Mr Newman went on the Titan with Mr Rush to see the wreck of the Titanic in the summer of 2021. The first time they met, Mr Rush \u201cspent hours\u201d talking with him about the potential of exploring the bottom of the ocean.<\/p>\n

Mr Rush \u201cfollowed his own path\u201d, Mr Newman said. Mr Newman\u2019s recollection of OceanGate was of a team that looked out for each other. And Mr Rush\u2019s wife, Wendy, was \u201cup at the top, looking over his shoulder, making sure that he was doing everything perfectly and not cutting corners or skipping things\u201d, he said.<\/p>\n

Mr Newman was so taken by Mr Rush that he decided to invest in OceanGate. \u201cYou know, I didn\u2019t know if I\u2019d ever see any return or not. That was not the point,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe point was to be part of something that\u2019s experimental and is breaking new ground, and pushing forward our technology, and how the world works, and going places and doing amazing things, that\u2019s what this is about.<\/p>\n

\u201dMr Newman described himself as a minor investor. As a private company, OceanGate is not obliged to publish all financial records.<\/p>\n

US financial records from January 2020 show that Mr Rush and his fellow directors sold a stake in the company worth $18m, thought to have been used to fund the development of Titan.<\/p>\n

To recoup the costs, OceanGate\u2019s sub, \u201cwell-lit and comfortable,\u201d the company said, came with a price tag of $250,000 (\u00a3195,600) for a underwater trip. Mr Rush\u2019s clients were uber-rich thrill seekers, willing to part with that sum for a once-in-a-lifetime adventure.<\/p>\n

Las Vegas businessman Jay Bloom had been messaging Mr Rush about joining a dive, before finally turning down a seat for himself and his son on the fatal excursion.<\/p>\n

He said the chance to see the wreck up close would have been a \u201cbucket-list\u201d experience. It was about being able to say \u201cyou did something very few people have the opportunity to do\u201d, he said. Despite the large sums of money involved, OceanGate equipment sometimes had a home-made feel.<\/p>\n

The former junior employee told the BBC he was surprised to find that Titan\u2019s electrical design included off-the-shelf development boards, as opposed to using a custom, in-house design like other engineering companies.<\/p>\n

David Pogue, a CBS News journalist who joined Mr Rush on a trip to the Titanic wreck in 2021, said the chief executive drove the Titan with a game controller and used \u201crusty lead pipes from the construction industry as ballast\u201d.<\/p>\n

Yet Mr Rush assured Mr Pogue that only thing that really mattered was the vessel\u2019s hull, built from an unusual and largely untested material for a deep sea vessel: carbon fibre, with titanium end plates.<\/p>\n

Mr Rush knew carbon fibre was used successfully in yachts and aviation, and believed it would allow for his submersible to made more cheaply than industry-standard steels ones.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s a rule you don\u2019t do that,\u201d said Mr Rush in 2021.<\/p>\n

\u201cWell, I did.<\/p>\n

\u201dThe tube shape of the Titan was also unusual.<\/p>\n

The hull of a deep-diving sub is usually spherical, which means it receives an equal amount of pressure at every point, but the Titan had a cylinder-shaped cabin. OceanGate gave it sensors to analyse the effects of changing pressure as it descended.<\/p>\n

The glass viewport, from which passengers could see out, was only certified down to 1,300m, far short of the depths of the ocean floor where the Titantic wreck lay.<\/p>\n

Rob McCallum, an explorer who acted as a consultant for OceanGate, became concerned when Mr Rush decided against getting official certification for the submersible.<\/p>\n

Subs can be certified or \u201cclassed\u201d by marine organisations, like the American Bureau of Shipping or Lloyd\u2019s Register, meaning the vehicle must meet certain standards on things like stability, strength, safety and performance.<\/p>\n

But this process is not mandatory. In emails to Mr Rush in March 2018, seen by BBC News, Mr McCallum said: \u201cYou are wanting to use a prototype un-classed technology in a very hostile place.<\/p>\n

As much as I appreciate entrepreneurship and innovation, you are potentially putting an entire industry at risk. \u201d4,000m down in the mid-Atlantic is not the kind of place you can cut corners.<\/p>\n

\u201cMr Rush, apparently indignant, responded that he was \u201ctired of industry players who try to use a safety argument to stop innovation\u201d. Safety was \u201cabout culture, not paperwork\u201d, he said.<\/p>\n

He talked of needing \u201csensible design, extensive testing, and informed consent of the participants\u201d, but said a piece of paper did not guarantee the safety of a sub.<\/p>\n

While he admitted deviating from some guidelines, such as \u201coverly conservative\u201d viewport limits, he argued the Titan\u2019s safety systems were \u201cway beyond\u201d anything else in use.<\/p>\n

He wrote: \u201cI know that our engineering focused, innovative approach (as opposed to an existing standards compliance-focused design process) flies in the face of the submersible orthodoxy, but that is the nature of innovation.<\/p>\n

\u201dThe tense exchange ended after OceanGate\u2019s lawyers threatened legal action, Mr McCallum said. But Mr McCallum was not the only person linked to the company to speak out about safety.<\/p>\n

Just a few months earlier, former OceanGate employee David Lochridge raised concerns in an inspection report which identified \u201cnumerous issues that posed serious safety concerns\u201d, including how the hull had been tested.<\/p>\n

Also in 2018, the Marine Technology Society sent a letter to OceanGate accusing it of making misleading claims about its design exceeding established industry safety standards, and warned that OceanGate\u2019s \u201cexperimental\u201d approach could result in \u201cnegative outcomes (from minor to catastrophic)\u201d.<\/p>\n

In a blog post in 2019, Mr Rush insisted that the majority of marine accidents were down to operator error. He said OceanGate took safety requirements very seriously, but that keeping an outside body informed on every modification before it was tested in a real-word setting was \u201canathema to rapid innovation\u201d.<\/p>\n

The former employee told the BBC that while he had worked at OceanGate, he had felt confident in Mr Rush\u2019s commitment to safety. \u201cRush was very level-headed, he knew what needed to be done,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

\u201cHe went on every sub dive, he was the pilot for every single one, and that\u2019s because he trusted the safety of the sub.<\/p>\n

\u201d Mr Newman told the BBC the sub might not have been certified, but it was tested extensively. Mr Rush \u201cintroduced new ideas and new pieces that are not conventional, and some people don\u2019t like that\u201d, he said.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe idea that this is something that\u2019s unique and Stockton did something wrong is disingenuous,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Mr Rush himself told CBS reporter Mr Pogue last year that \u201cif you just want to be safe, don\u2019t get out of bed\u201d. \u201cDon\u2019t get in your car. Don\u2019t do anything.<\/p>\n

At some point, you\u2019re going to take some risk, and it really is a risk-reward question. I think I can do this just as safely by breaking the rules,\u201d he said. The question is why despite other successful dives, the sub\u2019s final trip ended in tragedy, Mr Newman said.<\/p>\n

\u201dClearly, the pressure hull gave way, right? And the question is, why would that give way?\u201dGuillermo So\u0308hnlein, a co-founder of OceanGate and Rush\u2019s former business partner, said he would not have taken a different approach himself.<\/p>\n

\u201d The human submersible community globally is very small, and we all know each other, and I think generally we all respect each other\u2019s opinions.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe bottom line is that everyone\u2019s got different opinions on how subs should be designed,\u201d said Mr So\u0308hnlein.<\/p>\n

After his son also raised fears about the sub, Jay Bloom declined Mr Rush\u2019s invitation. \u201dI am sure he really believed what he was saying,\u201d Mr Bloom said.<\/p>\n

\u201cBut he was very wrong.\u201d<\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Mauritius<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mauritius. Stockton Rush wanted to be known as an innovator. It didn\u2019t seem to matter how he did it. Bright, driven, born into wealth, his dream was to be the first person to reach Mars. When he realised that was unlikely to happen in his lifetime, he turned his attentions to the sea. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":31650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,9],"tags":[233,245,241],"class_list":["post-31651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-miscellaneous","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mauritius","tag-mauritius"],"yoast_head":"\nOceanGate: A maverick, rule-breaking founder and tragic end - Mauritius<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Stockton Rush wanted to be known as an innovator. It didn\u2019t seem to matter how he did it. 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