{"id":10420,"date":"2021-08-20T13:31:58","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T13:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/?p=10420"},"modified":"2021-08-20T20:01:49","modified_gmt":"2021-08-20T20:01:49","slug":"les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme","title":{"rendered":"Les \u00ab\u00a0trois fronti\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb au Sahel, foyer de crise multiforme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Niger<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>La r\u00e9gion dite des trois fronti\u00e8res, vaste espace aux contours vagues, concentre tous les maux du Sahel, des agissements jihadistes \u00e0 la d\u00e9sertification en passant par les vieux conflits pour la terre, la d\u00e9faillance de l’Etat ou l’afflux des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

A cheval sur le Mali, le Niger et le Burkina Faso, les \u00ab\u00a0trois fronti\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb sont, avec le centre du Mali, la r\u00e9gion la plus touch\u00e9e par les violences. Les morts, civils comme militaires, s’y comptent par milliers et la fuite y est devenue un mode de vie. La derni\u00e8re attaque, lundi contre un village de cette zone au Niger, y a fait 37 morts. – Un concept<\/p>\n

Concept g\u00e9ostrat\u00e9gique plus que zone g\u00e9ographique ou administrative, les \u00ab\u00a0trois fronti\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb comprennent le nord du Burkina Faso – provinces du Soum et de l’Oudalan -, l’ouest du Niger – r\u00e9gion de Tillab\u00e9ri – et le Gourma malien, zone comprise entre Hombori et Ansongo.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gion est aussi appel\u00e9e le \u00ab\u00a0Liptako-Gourma\u00a0\u00bb. Dans ces pays parmi les plus pauvres du monde, aux Etats tr\u00e8s centralis\u00e9s, les r\u00e9gions rurales et excentr\u00e9es sont marginalis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Elles sont habit\u00e9es par des s\u00e9dentaires, surtout des agriculteurs, et des nomades principalement \u00e9leveurs, qui se d\u00e9placent au gr\u00e9 des saisons. La pression d\u00e9mographique, comme ailleurs au Sahel, est tr\u00e8s forte.<\/p>\n

– Repaire jihadiste<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s l’apparition puis l’expansion de groupes li\u00e9s \u00e0 Al-Qa\u00efda dans le nord du Mali \u00e0 partir de 2012, un chef jihadiste, Adnan Abou Walid al-Sahraoui, fait all\u00e9geance \u00e0 l’organisation Etat islamique (EI) en 2015.<\/p>\n

Il s’installe avec son groupe, l’Etat islamique au grand Sahara (EIGS), dans la r\u00e9gion des trois fronti\u00e8res o\u00f9 il recrute et travaille d’abord \u00e0 son financement. Aujourd’hui, selon l’ONG Acled sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la collecte de donn\u00e9es des conflits, la grande majorit\u00e9 des attaques dans cette zone est le fait de l’EIGS.<\/p>\n

Fin 2019, d\u00e9but 2020, plus d’une dizaine de camps isol\u00e9s dans lesquels les soldats sah\u00e9liens sont retranch\u00e9s sont les cibles de l’EI selon un mode op\u00e9ratoire \u00e9prouv\u00e9: l’attaque \u00e9clair de combattants \u00e0 motos. Des centaines de soldats sont tu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s janvier 2020, l’op\u00e9ration fran\u00e7aise Barkhane, avec ses partenaires sah\u00e9liens, a concentr\u00e9 ses efforts militaires sur cette zone et contre l’EIGS.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9but 2021, le pr\u00e9sident Emmanuel Macron d\u00e9clarait que l’EI avait \u00ab\u00a0perdu son emprise\u00a0\u00bb dans le secteur, interrogeant sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 encore mener des actions d’envergure.<\/p>\n

Il a depuis annonc\u00e9 que la France allait entamer fin 2021 la r\u00e9duction progressive de ses effectifs militaires au Sahel au profit d’un dispositif all\u00e9g\u00e9 de 2.500 \u00e0 3.000 hommes, contre les quelque 5.000 qui composaient la force Barkhane amen\u00e9e \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre.<\/p>\n

Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 malien des \u00ab\u00a0trois fronti\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb, les groupes affili\u00e9s \u00e0 Al-Qa\u00efda et \u00e0 l’EI se sont affront\u00e9s pour le contr\u00f4le territorial du Gourma. Les groupes affili\u00e9s \u00e0 Al-Qa\u00efda ont pris l’ascendant.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9but 2021, un bataillon tchadien de 1.200 hommes de la Force conjointe du G5 Sahel (Tchad, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger et Burkina Faso) y a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9, mais peu apr\u00e8s, le 15 mars 2021, 33 soldats maliens sont tu\u00e9s lors d’une rel\u00e8ve au poste de Tessit. L’EI a revendiqu\u00e9 l’op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9sence jihadiste s’est greff\u00e9e sur des tensions qui existent de longue date entre communaut\u00e9s, dont certaines se sont constitu\u00e9es en groupes arm\u00e9s alimentant les violences.<\/p>\n

Les jihadistes jouent de ces vieilles hostilit\u00e9s, recrutent dans les populations, offrent protection, pr\u00e9l\u00e8vent leurs d\u00eemes. Les civils, pris entre deux feux, doivent choisir entre rester et fuir alors que, pour nombre d’entre eux, c’est d\u00e9j\u00e0 la guerre qui les a pouss\u00e9s l\u00e0 il y a plusieurs ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Ceux qui restent sont aussi expos\u00e9s aux bandits, au vol de b\u00e9tail et aux assassinats. La fronti\u00e8re entre violences communautaires, jihadisme et banditisme est parfois t\u00e9nue. Les civils sont aussi en butte aux exactions imput\u00e9es aux arm\u00e9es nationales.<\/p>\n

Depuis le d\u00e9but de l’ann\u00e9e, plus de 420 civils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9s dans l’ouest du Niger dans des attaques de jihadistes qui ont \u00e9galement contraint des dizaines de milliers de personnes \u00e0 fuir, selon Human rights watch (HRW)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Niger. La r\u00e9gion dite des trois fronti\u00e8res, vaste espace aux contours vagues, concentre tous les maux du Sahel, des agissements jihadistes \u00e0 la d\u00e9sertification en passant par les vieux conflits pour la terre, la d\u00e9faillance de l’Etat ou l’afflux des d\u00e9plac\u00e9s. A cheval sur le Mali, le Niger et le Burkina Faso, les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":10419,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,11,20,10],"tags":[55,60,29],"class_list":["post-10420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-homepage-french","category-top-nouvelles","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-niger","tag-niger"],"yoast_head":"\nLes "trois fronti\u00e8res" au Sahel, foyer de crise multiforme - niger<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La r\u00e9gion dite des trois fronti\u00e8res, vaste espace aux contours vagues, concentre tous les maux du Sahel, des agissements ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les "trois fronti\u00e8res" au Sahel, foyer de crise multiforme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La r\u00e9gion dite des trois fronti\u00e8res, vaste espace aux contours vagues, concentre tous les maux du Sahel, des agissements ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"niger\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-20T13:31:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-20T20:01:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/niger\/sites\/40\/2021\/08\/img-611f8d318e201.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"576\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Les \u00ab\u00a0trois fronti\u00e8res\u00a0\u00bb au Sahel, foyer de crise multiforme\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-20T13:31:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-20T20:01:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme\"},\"wordCount\":757,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/niger\/sites\/40\/2021\/08\/img-611f8d318e201.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Niger\",\"Niger\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Dossiers\",\"homepage-french\",\"Top Nouvelles\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/dossiers\/les-trois-frontieres-au-sahel-foyer-de-crise-multiforme\",\"name\":\"Les \\\"trois fronti\u00e8res\\\" au Sahel, foyer de crise multiforme - 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