{"id":11231,"date":"2021-09-04T12:48:03","date_gmt":"2021-09-04T12:48:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/politique\/peau-humaine-le-recyclage-ultime"},"modified":"2021-09-04T13:37:39","modified_gmt":"2021-09-04T13:37:39","slug":"peau-humaine-le-recyclage-ultime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/toutes-les-actualites\/peau-humaine-le-recyclage-ultime","title":{"rendered":"Peau humaine\u00a0: le recyclage ultime\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Niger<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span> Ce que vous avalez pour vous soigner, ce qu\u2019on vous injecte, tout a \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9 sur des animaux de laboratoire. Aujourd\u2019hui, des alternatives plus \u00e9thiques, voire plus \u00e9cologiques, existent. Mais peut-on vraiment sortir du mod\u00e8le animal ?<\/p>\n

C\u2019est un seau qu\u2019on apporte ce matin chez Genoskin, en provenance de l\u2019h\u00f4pital de Toulouse voisin. \u00c0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, un \u00e9pais morceau de peau, celui d\u2019une patiente de 44 ans, tout juste op\u00e9r\u00e9e. Apr\u00e8s un r\u00e9gime, l\u2019exc\u00e9dent de peau au niveau de l\u2019abdomen a \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9. \u201c\u00c7a fait partie de d\u00e9chets chirurgicaux qui sont normalement vou\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9truits\u201d, explique \u00c9ric Merle, directeur commercial de Genoskin. L\u2019entreprise a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une m\u00e9thode pour maintenir ces tissus en vie pendant sept jours, ce qui permet de tester des produits. \u201cOn n\u2019a qu\u2019un petit morceau de peau, mais ce morceau de peau contient d\u00e9j\u00e0 une masse ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nale de type de cellules (\u2026) On peut regarder le syst\u00e8me immunitaire, la cicatrisation, la fa\u00e7on dont la peau modifie un m\u00e9dicament, on peut regarder si le m\u00e9dicament se diffuse dans la peau.\u201d Autant d\u2019informations qui sont habituellement obtenues en testant les produits sur les animaux, ce que la loi europ\u00e9enne interdit depuis 2013 pour les cosm\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n

Des tests sur les animaux tr\u00e8s contr\u00f4l\u00e9s<\/b><\/p>\n

Chaque ann\u00e9e, pr\u00e8s de 10 millions d\u2019animaux sont utilis\u00e9s en laboratoire pour la recherche et la toxicologie, en grande majorit\u00e9 des rats, des souris, des lapins et des chiens. Une s\u00e9rie de tests standard n\u00e9cessite entre 6 000 et 12 000 animaux et peut prendre des ann\u00e9es. Mais depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990, de gros efforts sont faits, en suivant un principe simple, les \u201c3 R\u201d : \u201cremplacer\u201d l\u2019utilisation d\u2019animaux par d\u2019autres m\u00e9thodes, \u201cr\u00e9duire\u201d le nombre d\u2019animaux utilis\u00e9s et enfin, \u201craffiner\u201d les proc\u00e9dures pour rendre les \u00e9tudes moins douloureuses ou stressantes pour les animaux.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9quipe d\u2019\u201d\u00c9lement Terre\u201d a ainsi pu filmer dans une animalerie \u00e0 Marseille, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 l\u2019on teste des m\u00e9dicaments sur des souris de laboratoire, des rongeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement modifi\u00e9s pour la recherche. \u201cChaque fois qu\u2019on va d\u00e9velopper un m\u00e9dicament qu\u2019on destine \u00e0 l\u2019homme, on est oblig\u00e9 d\u2019avoir recours \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation animale. D\u2019ailleurs, si on reprend la liste des laur\u00e9ats du Nobel de m\u00e9decine et de physiologie depuis le d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle, l\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 des prix Nobel sont reli\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation de mod\u00e8les animaux\u201d, nous explique Ivan Balansard, v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, au bureau \u00c9thique et mod\u00e8les animaux du CNRS.<\/p>\n

Des animaux, dont la souffrance est mesur\u00e9e, limit\u00e9e au maximum et qui re\u00e7oivent les m\u00eames anesth\u00e9sies que pour une chirurgie humaine. Les remplacer progressivement, quand c\u2019est possible, par d\u2019autres m\u00e9thodes (mod\u00e9lisation par ordinateurs, mini-organo\u00efdes, peau artificielles, par exemple) est d\u2019ailleurs une obligation l\u00e9gale.<\/p>\n

Ce qui fait dire \u00e0 Ivan Balansard : \u201cGenoskin est un processus extr\u00eamement ing\u00e9nieux, \u00e7a repr\u00e9sente des avanc\u00e9es consid\u00e9rables et c\u2019est tr\u00e8s important\u201d. Avec un b\u00e9mol de taille : la peau est un organe parmi d\u2019autres et une pathologie touche souvent plusieurs organes. \u201cSi vous prenez par exemple l\u2019\u00e9tude du m\u00e9lanome. C\u2019est une maladie tr\u00e8s complexe, qui fait appel \u00e0 une d\u00e9faillance du syst\u00e8me immunitaire, \u00e0 de nombreux m\u00e9diateurs qui sont en dehors de la peau, qui sont les n\u0153uds lymphatiques, qui sont \u00e0 d\u2019autres endroits. Quand un m\u00e9lanome va par exemple m\u00e9tastaser dans le foie ou dans d\u2019autres organes, bien entendu \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 le mod\u00e8le de peau ne suffira pas.\u201d Difficile donc de se passer totalement du mod\u00e8le animal \u00e0 l\u2019avenir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Niger. Ce que vous avalez pour vous soigner, ce qu\u2019on vous injecte, tout a \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9 sur des animaux de laboratoire. Aujourd\u2019hui, des alternatives plus \u00e9thiques, voire plus \u00e9cologiques, existent. Mais peut-on vraiment sortir du mod\u00e8le animal ? C\u2019est un seau qu\u2019on apporte ce matin chez Genoskin, en provenance de l\u2019h\u00f4pital de Toulouse […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":11230,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,10],"tags":[55,60,29,467,468],"class_list":["post-11231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-niger","tag-niger","tag-peau-humaine","tag-recyclage"],"yoast_head":"\nPeau humaine\u00a0: le recyclage ultime\u00a0? - niger<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ce que vous avalez pour vous soigner, ce qu\u2019on vous injecte, tout a \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9 sur des animaux de laboratoire. 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