{"id":57542,"date":"2024-01-20T14:27:08","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T14:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/politique\/trou-noir-tres-leger-ou-etoile-a-neutrons-hyper-massive-un-duo-cosmique-inedit-intrigue-les-scientifiques"},"modified":"2024-01-20T15:10:34","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T15:10:34","slug":"trou-noir-tres-leger-ou-etoile-a-neutrons-hyper-massive-un-duo-cosmique-inedit-intrigue-les-scientifiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/niger\/toutes-les-actualites\/trou-noir-tres-leger-ou-etoile-a-neutrons-hyper-massive-un-duo-cosmique-inedit-intrigue-les-scientifiques","title":{"rendered":"Trou noir tr\u00e8s l\u00e9ger ou \u00e9toile \u00e0 neutrons hyper massive ? Un duo cosmique in\u00e9dit intrigue les scientifiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Niger. <\/strong><\/span>Est-ce une e\u0301toile a\u0300 neutrons tre\u0300s massive ? Ou bien un trou noir tre\u0300s le\u0301ger qu\u2019a de\u0301couvert une e\u0301quipe d\u2019astronomes gra\u0302ce au radio te\u0301lescope MeerKAT (Afrique du Sud) ? Dans tous les cas, l\u2019article publie\u0301 le jeudi 18 janvier 2024 dans la revue Science suscite l’inte\u0301re\u0302t des astrophysiciens qui ne font pas souvent de telles rencontres. Sa masse comprise entre 2,09 et 2,71 masses solaires (Ms) se trouve au centre d\u2019une gamme tre\u0300s peu peuple\u0301e du bestiaire cosmique…<\/p>\n

Seulement deux corps y ont e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301couverts jusqu\u2019a\u0300 pre\u0301sent: GW170817 (2,46 Ms), et GW190814 (2,6 Ms). Les deux astres, observe\u0301s en 2017 et 2019, avaient alors fait fre\u0301mir les de\u0301tecteurs d\u2019ondes gravitationnelles VIRGO et LIGO. Ils s\u2019e\u0301taient forme\u0301s a\u0300 la suite d\u2019une fusion entre e\u0301toiles a\u0300 neutrons ge\u0301ne\u0301rant ces ondes gravitationnelles. Ici, la pre\u0301sence de l\u2019objet a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301duite de l\u2019observation des ondes radio e\u0301mises par un pulsar (une e\u0301toile a\u0300 neutrons en rotation rapide sur elle-me\u0302me), PSR J0514-4002E.<\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019e\u0301tude, l’objet se trouve en orbite autour de ce pulsar, lui-me\u0302me au c\u0153ur d\u2019un amas globulaire, un rassemblement de centaines de milliers d’e\u0301toiles. Mais il est trop compact pour que l\u2019on puisse le voir. Ce qui n\u2019est gue\u0300re surprenant. Un trou noir est invisible par nature, sauf s\u2019il accre\u0300te de la matie\u0300re, ce qui ne semble pas e\u0302tre le cas. Et une e\u0301toile a\u0300 neutrons a un diame\u0300tre d\u2019une vingtaine de kilome\u0300tres au maximum.<\/p>\n

Le destin d’une e\u0301toile de\u0301pend de sa masse<\/b><\/p>\n

Ce gabarit n\u2019est pas courant car les e\u0301toiles a\u0300 neutrons les plus massives atteignent entre 2,2 et 2,5 Ms. Les trous noirs les plus le\u0301gers font autour de 5 Ms, et ils sont rarissimes. La masse estime\u0301e de l\u2019astre se trouve donc bel et bien dans une zone ou\u0300 il est impossible de dire si l\u2019on a affaire a\u0300 une e\u0301toile a\u0300 neutrons ou un trou noir. Les deux cate\u0301gories d\u2019astres se forment lors de l\u2019explosion d\u2019une e\u0301toile en supernova, une fois qu\u2019elle a fusionne\u0301 tout son gaz.<\/p>\n

Seule la masse de l\u2019e\u0301toile initiale de\u0301termine si elle finira en e\u0301toiles a\u0300 neutrons, ou en trou noir. On conside\u0300re qu\u2019a\u0300 partir de 3 a\u0300 5 Ms, une supernova devient force\u0301ment un trou noir. Mais cette limite n\u2019est pas de\u0301finitive et des astres comme celui de\u0301couvert par MeerKAT pourrait pre\u0301cise\u0301ment la remettre en cause.<\/p>\n

Un couple recompose\u0301<\/b><\/p>\n

Le couple ainsi de\u0301couvert a tout pour retenir l\u2019attention. L’orbite excentrique, la rotation rapide du pulsar sur lui-me\u0302me et la masse totale du couple, 3,9 Ms (un record), sugge\u0300rent que le pulsar et son myste\u0301rieux compagnon sont un couple \u00ab\u00a0recompose\u0301\u00a0\u00bb. Le pulsar a probablement e\u0301change\u0301 son compagnon initial contre celui actuel, de masse plus e\u0301leve\u0301e, lors d\u2019une rencontre fortuite.<\/p>\n

Quelle que soit la nature de l\u2019objet, sa de\u0301couverte est une bonne nouvelle pour l\u2019e\u0301tude des astres les plus extre\u0302mes de l\u2019Univers. S’il s’agit d’une e\u0301toile a\u0300 neutrons, c’est probablement la plus massive connue a\u0300 ce jour. Cela nourrira les mode\u0300les qui tentent de de\u0301crire a\u0300 quoi peut bien ressembler la matie\u0300re dans un astre aussi dense. Une tasse a\u0300 cafe\u0301 remplie d\u2019une \u00ab\u00a0poudre\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019e\u0301toile a\u0300 neutrons pe\u0300serait au moins 4 milliards de tonnes !<\/p>\n

Au centre de l\u2019e\u0301toile, les atomes sont tellement presse\u0301s les uns contre les autres qu\u2019ils n\u2019existent plus. Ils se diluent, ne parvenant plus a\u0300 retenir les quarks qui les composent. Il se formerait alors une hypothe\u0301tique \u00ab\u00a0mer de quarks\u00a0\u00bb, et pourquoi pas d\u2019autres e\u0301tats de la matie\u0300re plus e\u0301tranges encore. S\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un trou noir, il pourrait e\u0302tre le plus le\u0301ger connu, ce qui affecterait la compre\u0301hension des me\u0301canismes en jeu dans les supernov\u00e6 lorsqu\u2019elles accouchent d\u2019un trou noir… En conjuguant la technique des ondes gravitationnelles et la radioastronomie, les scientifiques vont tenter d\u2019ajouter quelques autres spe\u0301cimens a\u0300 leur collection. Dans l\u2019espoir de trancher un jour, entre e\u0301toiles a\u0300 neutrons et trous noirs.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Niger<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Niger. Est-ce une e\u0301toile a\u0300 neutrons tre\u0300s massive ? Ou bien un trou noir tre\u0300s le\u0301ger qu\u2019a de\u0301couvert une e\u0301quipe d\u2019astronomes gra\u0302ce au radio te\u0301lescope MeerKAT (Afrique du Sud) ? Dans tous les cas, l\u2019article publie\u0301 le jeudi 18 janvier 2024 dans la revue Science suscite l’inte\u0301re\u0302t des astrophysiciens qui ne font pas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":57541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[55,60,29],"class_list":["post-57542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-niger","tag-niger"],"yoast_head":"\nTrou noir tr\u00e8s l\u00e9ger ou \u00e9toile \u00e0 neutrons hyper massive ? 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