Africa-Press – Niger. <\/strong><\/span>La candidate de\u0301mocrate a\u0300 la Maison-Blanche avait place\u0301 l\u2019Afrique au centre de son discours lors d\u2019une visite historique sur le continent, en mars 2023. Mais les priorite\u0301s ame\u0301ricaines, dont la rivalite\u0301 avec la Chine, risquent de prendre le dessus. Si elle souhaite vraiment marquer l\u2019Histoire, Kamala Harris devra aller au-dela\u0300 des slogans et s\u2019engager a\u0300 long terme dans une relation d\u2019e\u0301gal a\u0300 e\u0301gal avec l\u2019Afrique.<\/p>\nL\u2019exercice ressemble fort a\u0300 un passage oblige\u0301. Mais quand l\u2019affaire concerne les E\u0301tats-Unis, premie\u0300re puissance mondiale, plus grand importateur (et deuxie\u0300me exportateur) de biens, premier importateur et exportateur de services commerciaux, on conc\u0327oit aise\u0301ment qu\u2019un changement de leadership politique dans ce pays pre\u0301occupe la plane\u0300te entie\u0300re.<\/p>\n
\u00ab Quel sera l\u2019impact de l\u2019e\u0301lection pre\u0301sidentielle de 2024 sur les relations entre les E\u0301tats-Unis et la Chine ? \u00bb, s\u2019interroge China Briefing. \u00ab Le gouvernement bre\u0301silien se pre\u0301pare a\u0300 une victoire de Trump aux E\u0301tats-Unis \u00bb, croit savoir O Globo. \u00ab Comment les lec\u0327ons des e\u0301lections britanniques pourraient-elles aider Kamala Harris a\u0300 vaincre Donald Trump ? \u00bb, suppute The Guardian… A\u0300 l\u2019approche de l\u2019e\u0301lection qui, le 5 novembre prochain, opposera l\u2019ancien pre\u0301sident Donald Trump (re\u0301publicain) a\u0300 l\u2019actuelle vice-pre\u0301sidente Kamala Harris (de\u0301mocrate), l\u2019inte\u0301re\u0302t de la presse internationale va croissant.<\/p>\n
Si l\u2019on se doute du tour que prendraient les relations entre le Nouveau Monde et le berceau de l\u2019humanite\u0301 si Trump e\u0301tait e\u0301lu \u2013 sous sa pre\u0301sidence, de 2017 a\u0300 2021, il a fait preuve d\u2019un de\u0301sinte\u0301re\u0302t total pour l\u2019Afrique \u2013, le programme de la candidate Harris en la matie\u0300re reste, lui, largement me\u0301connu.<\/p>\n
Concurrence avec la Chine<\/b><\/p>\n
Arrive\u0301e tardivement dans la course a\u0300 la Maison-Blanche, apre\u0300s la de\u0301fection de Joe Biden, a\u0300 la fin de juillet, l\u2019ancienne procureure ge\u0301ne\u0301rale de Californie a fait de la politique inte\u0301rieure sa premie\u0300re priorite\u0301. Que pense Kamala Harris du continent africain ? En fait-elle une vraie priorite\u0301 ou bien le fait-elle entrer dans un calcul politique, au moment ou\u0300 la Chine et l\u2019Europe rivalisent pour asseoir leur influence ?<\/p>\n
Dans le cadre d\u2019une tourne\u0301e historique qu\u2019elle avait entreprise en Afrique en 2023, la vice-pre\u0301sidente des E\u0301tats-Unis a bien parle\u0301 d\u2019espoir, d\u2019innovation, et, surtout, d\u2019un partenariat e\u0301conomique e\u0301quitable. \u00ab L\u2019Afrique fac\u0327onne l\u2019avenir du monde \u00bb, avait-elle affirme\u0301, a\u0300 Accra, en citant la re\u0301ussite de M-Pesa au Kenya et celle des drones me\u0301dicaux du Rwanda. Conviction profonde ou discours opportuniste ?<\/p>\n
La rhe\u0301torique sur l\u2019importance du poids e\u0301conomique de l\u2019Afrique a sans difficulte\u0301 pris de l\u2019ampleur sous l\u2019administration Biden, que Kamala Harris sert encore. Lors de ladite tourne\u0301e africaine, il avait e\u0301te\u0301 promis d\u2019affecter 100 millions de dollars aux infrastructures nume\u0301riques en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, ou encore 500 millions aux e\u0301nergies propres. Ces chiffres peuvent parai\u0302tre impressionnants, mais, si on les compare aux milliards que la Chine investit dans les infrastructures routie\u0300res ou portuaires sur le continent, ils font ressortir une approche ame\u0301ricaine prudente, voire timide.<\/p>\n
Les insuffisances de l\u2019Agoa<\/b><\/p>\n
Vue a\u0300 travers le prisme de Kamala Harris, l\u2019Afrique est encore trop souvent une pe\u0301riphe\u0301rie strate\u0301gique pluto\u0302t qu\u2019un partenaire e\u0301conomique a\u0300 part entie\u0300re. Certes, la candidate vante les vertus de la jeunesse et de la de\u0301mocratie, mais ses annonces semblent avant tout destine\u0301es a\u0300 servir les inte\u0301re\u0302ts des E\u0301tats-Unis, notamment pour contrer directement le concurrent chinois. L\u2019e\u0301tendue et l\u2019impact des initiatives de Washington n\u2019en demeurent pas moins limite\u0301s.<\/p>\n
Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, si Kamala Harris e\u0301tait e\u0301lue pre\u0301sidente des E\u0301tats-Unis, il faudrait s\u2019attendre a\u0300 un changement de ton. Dans le discours qu\u2019elle avait prononce\u0301 au Ghana, elle avait souligne\u0301 que les investissements ame\u0301ricains ne visaient pas a\u0300 \u00ab exploiter \u00bb les ressources du continent mais a\u0300 cre\u0301er des opportunite\u0301s pour les Africains eux-me\u0302mes. Des mots forts, qui tranchent avec l\u2019histoire des relations, souvent de\u0301se\u0301quilibre\u0301es, entre l\u2019Afrique et l\u2019Occident.<\/p>\n
L\u2019Agoa en est un parfait exemple. Cet accord de libre-e\u0301change que les E\u0301tats-Unis ont signe\u0301 avec le continent africain est, a\u0300 bien des e\u0301gards, insuffisant. Peu de pays en be\u0301ne\u0301ficient pleinement. Le soutien que Kamala Harris a exprime\u0301 lors de sa visite au Ghana semblait since\u0300re. Reste a\u0300 voir si, une fois parvenue au pouvoir, elle perpe\u0301tuera la politique ame\u0301ricaine en Afrique: de belles de\u0301clarations, pour des re\u0301sultats en demi-teinte.<\/p>\n
Source: JeuneAfrique<\/b><\/p>\n
Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Niger, suivez Africa-Press<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Aur\u00e9lie M\u2019Bida Africa-Press – Niger. La candidate de\u0301mocrate a\u0300 la Maison-Blanche avait place\u0301 l\u2019Afrique au centre de son discours lors d\u2019une visite historique sur le continent, en mars 2023. Mais les priorite\u0301s ame\u0301ricaines, dont la rivalite\u0301 avec la Chine, risquent de prendre le dessus. Si elle souhaite vraiment marquer l\u2019Histoire, Kamala Harris devra aller au-dela\u0300 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":71084,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,10],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-71085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-niger"],"yoast_head":"\n
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