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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0654\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0654\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0654\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0654\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0654\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0654\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u064a\u0654\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;(31).<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/b><\/p>\n<p>(1) \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 14 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2018\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 21 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2022)\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3PIfOVr<\/p>\n<p>(2)- Mark Langan, Neo-Colonialism and the Poverty of Development in Africa, (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), p. 157.<\/p>\n<p>(3)- Ibid, p. 156.<\/p>\n<p>(4)- Isabelle King, True Sovereignty? The CFA Franc and French Influence in West and Central Africa, Harvard International Review, 18-03-2022, viewed on: 20-07-2022, https:\/\/bit.ly\/3B3w27t<\/p>\n<p>(5)- Ibid.<\/p>\n<p>(6) \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0654\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0655\u064a\u0643\u0648&#8221; \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d: \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627\u061f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 25 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 20 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2022)\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3odzWmz<\/p>\n<p>(7)- Jan Za\u0301hor\u030ci\u0301k and Linda Piknerova\u0301 (eds), Colonialism on the Margins of Africa, First published, (New York: Routledge 2018), p. 2.<\/p>\n<p>(8)- IJ Benneyworth, The Ongoing Relationship Between France and its Former African Colonies, E-International Relations, 11-06-2011, viewed on: 30-07-2022, https:\/\/bit.ly\/3oo5m9K<\/p>\n<p>(9)- Guy Martin, Continuity and Change in Franco-African Relations, The Journal of Modern African Studies, Volume 33 \/ Issue 01 \/ March 1995, p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>(10)- Bruno Charbonneau, Dreams of Empire: France, Europe, and the New Interventionism in Africa. Modern &amp; Contemporary France, 16(3(, 2008, p. 282.<\/p>\n<p>(11)- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 12 \u0627\u0654\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0648\u0644 2021\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 5 \u0627\u0654\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0627\u0653\u0628 2022)\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3PMshY9<\/p>\n<p>(12) \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>(13)- Benedikt Erforth, Contemporary French Security Policy in Africa on Ideas and Wars, (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020), p. 173.<\/p>\n<p>(14) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0653\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 22 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2021\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 10 \u0627\u0654\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0627\u0653\u0628 2022)\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3xTNTev<\/p>\n<p>(15)- Komlan Avoulete, why France\u2019s arrogance is pushing Africa further away, Foreign Policy Research Institute, 27-10-2021, viewed on: 15-08-2022, https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BwQI6p<\/p>\n<p>(16) \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c 6 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 20 \u0627\u0654\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0627\u0653\u0628 2022)\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3BvwJVG<\/p>\n<p>(17)- Michael Rubin, Michael Rubin, It\u2019s Not Just Mali: French Influence in Africa Is Collapsing, The American Enterprise Institute, 21-02-2022, viewed on: 25-08-2022, https:\/\/bit.ly\/3LyUHE<\/p>\n<p>(18) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0655\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 10 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0627\u0654\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 30 \u0627\u0654\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0627\u0653\u0628 2022)\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3S65Ezx<\/p>\n<p>(19) \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>(20)- Kudakwashe Chirambwi, the belt and road initiative in Africa-But what kind of developmental power does China have? in: Sabella O. Abidde and Tokunbo A. Ayoola (eds), China in Africa-Between Imperialism and Partnership in Humanitarian Development, (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2021), p. 92.<\/p>\n<p>(21)- Ibid, p. 95.<\/p>\n<p>(22)- Michael Rubin, It\u2019s Not Just Mali: French Influence in Africa Is Collapsing, The American Enterprise Institute, 21-02-2022, viewed on: 05-09-2022, https:\/\/bit.ly\/3LyUHEi<\/p>\n<p>(23)- Mark Langan, Virtuous power Turkey in sub-Saharan Africa: the \u2018Neo-Ottoman\u2019 challenge to the European Union, (2016). Virtuous power Turkey in sub-Saharan Africa: the \u201cNeo-Ottoman\u201d challenge to the European Union, Third World Quarterly, 38(6), p. 1410\/<\/p>\n<p>(24)- Abdurrahim S\u0131radag\u0306, Turkey-Africa alliance: Evolving patterns in security relations, African Security Review, 27(3-4), p. 319.<\/p>\n<p>(25)- Ibid, p. 314.<\/p>\n<p>(26) \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0654\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>(27) \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 16 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2021\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 10 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0627\u0654\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2022)\u060c https:\/\/bit.ly\/3C4KH29<\/p>\n<p>(28)- Reuben Y. Wong, The Europeanization of French Foreign Policy France and the EU in East Asia, first published, (New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, 2006), p. 202.<\/p>\n<p>(29)- Ibid, p. 195.<\/p>\n<p>(30)- Pernille Rieker, French Foreign Policy in a Changing World Practicing Grandeur, (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017), p. 54.<\/p>\n<p>(31)- Reuben Y. Wong, p. 193.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sahara\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/\">\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0633 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0650\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0654\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0655\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b &#8220;\u0627\u0655\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0655\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0654\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0655\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":39233,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,20,33],"tags":[186,187,122,24],"class_list":["post-39234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-to-homepage","category-all-news","category-beyond-the-news","tag-186","tag-187","tag-122","tag-24"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - 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