{"id":10009,"date":"2023-11-09T20:02:21","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T20:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/mort-mysterieuse-delephants-en-afrique-en-2020-un-suspect-identifie"},"modified":"2023-11-09T22:22:03","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T22:22:03","slug":"mort-mysterieuse-delephants-en-afrique-en-2020-un-suspect-identifie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/mort-mysterieuse-delephants-en-afrique-en-2020-un-suspect-identifie","title":{"rendered":"Mort myst\u00e9rieuse d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants en Afrique en 2020: un suspect identifi\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Une bacte\u0301rie serait a\u0300 l\u2019origine de la mort de nombreux e\u0301le\u0301phants au Zimbabwe et au Botswana au cours de l\u2019anne\u0301e 2020, ressort-il d\u2019une re\u0301cente e\u0301tude. L\u2019agent pathoge\u0300ne aurait cause\u0301 une septice\u0301mie qui a tue\u0301 les animaux.<\/p>\n

Les nombreux e\u0301le\u0301phants retrouve\u0301s morts en 2020 au Zimbabwe et au Botswana auraient e\u0301te\u0301 tue\u0301s par un agent pathoge\u0300ne portant le nom de Bisgaard taxon 45. Celui-ci a e\u0301te\u0301 trouve\u0301 dans les e\u0301chantillons de six e\u0301le\u0301phants zimbabwe\u0301ens sur les 15 ne\u0301cropsie\u0301s par les chercheurs britanniques, explique une e\u0301tude publie\u0301e dans la revue Nature Communications.<\/p>\n

Les scientifiques supposent que cette bacte\u0301rie a provoque\u0301 une septice\u0301mie, responsable de la mort des pachydermes. Ce germe n\u2019est pas nouveau, mais il n\u2019avait pas e\u0301te\u0301 pre\u0301ce\u0301demment associe\u0301 a\u0300 des cas de septice\u0301mie bacte\u0301rienne. Le fait que le Bisgaard taxon 45 n’a pas e\u0301te\u0301 repe\u0301re\u0301 dans tous les corps est probablement du\u0302 a\u0300 la qualite\u0301 du mate\u0301riel et a\u0300 des retards lie\u0301s a\u0300 l’obtention de permis.<\/p>\n

Le doute plane toujours sur l\u2019origine de la contamination<\/b><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs n\u2019ont pas pu e\u0301tablir avec certitude la source de l\u2019infection et la voie de transmission. Ils supposent que la bacte\u0301rie pourrait faire partie de la flore normale des e\u0301le\u0301phants de la re\u0301gion. Ils n\u2019excluent pas une transmission par inhalation ou ingestion a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur d\u2019un troupeau car les e\u0301le\u0301phants sont des animaux tre\u0300s sociables. En effet, le contact par la trompe est fre\u0301quent et certains pachydermes placent me\u0302me leur appendice dans la bouche de leurs conge\u0301ne\u0300res.<\/p>\n

De plus, les individus qui ont chaud ou qui sont stresse\u0301s s\u2019aspergent avec du liquide qui se trouve dans la poche pharynge\u0301e situe\u0301e derrie\u0300re la langue. Or, cette cavite\u0301 pourrait avoir e\u0301te\u0301 colonise\u0301e par le Bisgaard taxon 45.<\/p>\n

D\u2019autres facteurs auraient eu un impact sur la sante\u0301 des animaux<\/b><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs pensent que la chaleur, la se\u0301cheresse et la densite\u0301 de population auraient contribue\u0301 a\u0300 la propagation de la bacte\u0301rie en stressant les e\u0301le\u0301phants.<\/p>\n

Les ressources en eau et en nourriture diminuant a\u0300 mesure que les tempe\u0301ratures augmentent pendant la saison se\u0300che, cela a oblige\u0301 les e\u0301le\u0301phants a\u0300 parcourir des distances de plus en plus grandes entre les points d’eau et les zones de pa\u0302ture.<\/p>\n

Mort inexplique\u0301e d\u2019e\u0301le\u0301phants<\/b><\/p>\n

En 2020, les carcasses de 35 e\u0301le\u0301phants ont e\u0301te\u0301 retrouve\u0301s au Zimbabwe et 356 autres au Botswana, pays voisin. Toutes e\u0301taient intactes. La plupart d\u2019elles ont e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301couvertes pre\u0300s de points d\u2019eau. Les pachydermes semblaient morts tre\u0300s soudainement dans certains cas. Leur myste\u0301rieux de\u0301ce\u0300s a fait la Une des journaux.<\/p>\n

Le braconnage n\u2019a, a priori, pas e\u0301te\u0301 mis en cause. L\u2019hypothe\u0300se d\u2019une infection virulente a surgi de\u0300s le de\u0301but de l\u2019enque\u0302te, mais le premier suspect, une cyanobacte\u0301rie, a vite e\u0301te\u0301 e\u0301carte\u0301e. L’anthrax (ou maladie du charbon) a aussi e\u0301te\u0301 exclu.<\/p>\n

Les auteurs de l\u2019e\u0301tude actuelle estiment avoir trouve\u0301 le responsable de cette trage\u0301die.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Une bacte\u0301rie serait a\u0300 l\u2019origine de la mort de nombreux e\u0301le\u0301phants au Zimbabwe et au Botswana au cours de l\u2019anne\u0301e 2020, ressort-il d\u2019une re\u0301cente e\u0301tude. L\u2019agent pathoge\u0300ne aurait cause\u0301 une septice\u0301mie qui a tue\u0301 les animaux. Les nombreux e\u0301le\u0301phants retrouve\u0301s morts en 2020 au Zimbabwe et au Botswana auraient […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":10008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-10009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nMort myst\u00e9rieuse d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants en Afrique en 2020: un suspect identifi\u00e9 - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une bacte\u0301rie serait a\u0300 l\u2019origine de la mort de nombreux e\u0301le\u0301phants au Zimbabwe et au Botswana au cours de l\u2019anne\u0301e 202 ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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