{"id":10064,"date":"2023-11-14T21:35:50","date_gmt":"2023-11-14T21:35:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/colonisation-de-mars-un-robot-qui-fabrique-de-loxygene-avec-des-meteorites"},"modified":"2023-11-14T23:32:03","modified_gmt":"2023-11-14T23:32:03","slug":"colonisation-de-mars-un-robot-qui-fabrique-de-loxygene-avec-des-meteorites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/colonisation-de-mars-un-robot-qui-fabrique-de-loxygene-avec-des-meteorites","title":{"rendered":"Colonisation de Mars\u00a0: un robot qui fabrique de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne avec des m\u00e9t\u00e9orites"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>La colonisation de Mars n\u2019est pas encore pour demain mais, peut-e\u0302tre, pour apre\u0300s-demain. Du moins, toutes les agences spatiales travaillent a\u0300 des sce\u0301narios e\u0301voquant l\u2019installation durable de personnels sur la plane\u0300te Rouge. L\u2019un des obstacles qu\u2019ils auront a\u0300 franchir concerne l\u2019approvisionnement en mate\u0301riaux et e\u0301le\u0301ments essentiels pour construire des supports de vie. Parmi eux, c\u2019est bien e\u0301videmment l\u2019oxyge\u0300ne qui est envisage\u0301 en premie\u0300re intention.<\/p>\n

Utiliser l\u2019eau trouve\u0301e sur Mars<\/b><\/p>\n

Impossible de transporter depuis la Terre des quantite\u0301s d\u2019oxyge\u0300ne suffisantes pour assurer la survie de plusieurs astronautes pendant des mois : le cou\u0302t est prohibitif. Il ne reste alors qu\u2019une solution : le fabriquer in situ. Fort heureusement, les chimistes terriens ont trouve\u0301 une formule qui permettrait de le faire a\u0300 partir de l\u2019eau martienne qui est pre\u0301sente en petites quantite\u0301s dans la crou\u0302te de la plane\u0300te et en bien plus grande autour des deux po\u0302les, sous forme de glace.<\/p>\n

La me\u0301thode e\u0301tudie\u0301e consiste a\u0300 fabriquer de l\u2019oxyge\u0300ne par oxydation e\u0301lectrochimique de l\u2019eau gra\u0302ce a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301nergie solaire. Pour que la re\u0301action se fasse, il faut e\u0301galement utiliser des catalyseurs et le de\u0301fi est de trouver un moyen de synthe\u0301tiser ces catalyseurs a\u0300 partir de matie\u0300res premie\u0300res pre\u0301sentes sur Mars, au lieu de les transporter depuis la Terre, ce qui serait aussi tre\u0300s cou\u0302teux.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est la\u0300 qu\u2019intervient le robot chimiste de\u0301veloppe\u0301 par des scientifiques de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Science et de Technologie de Hefei, en Chine. Ce dernier est capable de fabriquer ces catalyseurs a\u0300 partir de mate\u0301riau martien et sans intervention humaine, comme ils l\u2019attestent dans une publication parue dans la revue Nature Synthesis.<\/p>\n

Une ope\u0301ration qui aurait pu ne\u0301cessiter 2000 anne\u0301es de travail humain<\/b><\/p>\n

Afin d\u2019entrainer leur robot, les chercheurs ont se\u0301lectionne\u0301 cinq cate\u0301gories diffe\u0301rentes de me\u0301te\u0301orites provenant de Mars ou dont l\u2019existence a e\u0301te\u0301 confirme\u0301e sur Mars. Pour chaque cycle expe\u0301rimental, l\u2019IA de l\u2019engin analyse d\u2019abord la composition e\u0301le\u0301mentaire des minerais en utilisant la spectroscopie de de\u0301gradation induite par laser (LIBS) qui fait office d’\u201d\u0153il\u201d. Ensuite, le robot effectue une se\u0301rie de pre\u0301traitements sur les minerais, notamment le pesage, la mise en solution, la se\u0301paration du liquide par centrifugation et le se\u0301chage.<\/p>\n

Les hydroxydes me\u0301talliques obtenus par cette me\u0301thode sont alors de\u0301pose\u0301s sur une e\u0301lectrode et le robot teste ensuite leur performance pour la production d\u2019oxyge\u0300ne. Ce processus a e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301pe\u0301te\u0301 par le robot jusqu\u2019a\u0300 ce que le meilleur catalyseur soit trouve\u0301, une ope\u0301ration qui, selon les chercheurs, aurait pu ne\u0301cessiter 2000 anne\u0301es de travail humain. Les auteurs ont ensuite montre\u0301 que ce catalyseur pouvait fonctionner dans des conditions martiennes simule\u0301es pour effectivement produire de l\u2019oxyge\u0300ne gazeux. Une premie\u0300re re\u0301ussite a\u0300 saluer mais il faudra encore beaucoup de succe\u0300s similaires avant d\u2019envisager de manufacturer sur Mars toute la panoplie d\u2019e\u0301le\u0301ments et de mate\u0301riaux ne\u0301cessaires a\u0300 une installation pe\u0301renne.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. La colonisation de Mars n\u2019est pas encore pour demain mais, peut-e\u0302tre, pour apre\u0300s-demain. Du moins, toutes les agences spatiales travaillent a\u0300 des sce\u0301narios e\u0301voquant l\u2019installation durable de personnels sur la plane\u0300te Rouge. L\u2019un des obstacles qu\u2019ils auront a\u0300 franchir concerne l\u2019approvisionnement en mate\u0301riaux et e\u0301le\u0301ments essentiels pour construire des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":10063,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-10064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nColonisation de Mars\u00a0: un robot qui fabrique de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne avec des m\u00e9t\u00e9orites - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La colonisation de Mars n\u2019est pas encore pour demain mais, peut-e\u0302tre, pour apre\u0300s-demain. 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