{"id":10846,"date":"2023-12-24T19:32:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:08:10","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T21:08:10","slug":"de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles","title":{"rendered":"De la mati\u00e8re noire contenue dans des \u00e9toiles ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Et si la fameuse matie\u0300re noire que l\u2019on recherche partout dans l\u2019Univers e\u0301tait la\u0300, presque sous nos yeux, au c\u0153ur d\u2019e\u0301toiles e\u0301blouissantes photographie\u0301es par le te\u0301lescope spatial James Webb ? Voila\u0300 qui re\u0301soudrait l\u2019un des plus e\u0301pais myste\u0300res de la cosmologie.<\/p>\n

Une hypothe\u0300se e\u0301tonnante<\/b><\/p>\n

La matie\u0300re noire repre\u0301sente 27 % de la matie\u0300re totale contenue dans l\u2019Univers, mais on ignore tout de sa nature car elle n\u2019interagit avec rien. On ne de\u0301tecte sa pre\u0301sence que parce qu\u2019elle agit sur la matie\u0300re classique au travers de l\u2019interaction gravitationnelle. Mais en juillet dernier, une e\u0301quipe de chercheurs de l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019Austin, au Texas (E\u0301tats-Unis), fait une hypothe\u0300se e\u0301tonnante.<\/p>\n

Dans un article publie\u0301 dans le journal de l\u2019Acade\u0301mie des sciences ame\u0301ricaine, les scientifiques de\u0301signent trois objets \u201cJades\u201d rougea\u0302tres observe\u0301s par le JWST fin 2022 au tout de\u0301but de l\u2019Univers comme des candidats au titre de premie\u0300res e\u0301toiles de matie\u0300re noire.<\/p>\n

Illuminer l\u2019enfance de l\u2019Univers<\/b><\/p>\n

Le concept d\u2019e\u0301toile noire remonte a\u0300 2008 : les Ame\u0301ricains Douglas Spolyar, Katherine Freese (e\u0301galement cosignataire de l\u2019article de juillet 2023) et Paolo Gondolo proposent alors un mode\u0300le d\u2019e\u0301toiles compose\u0301es en partie de matie\u0300re noire. Elles atteindraient plusieurs millions de fois la masse de notre Soleil, et brilleraient jusqu\u2019a\u0300 10 milliards de fois plus ! Elles auraient illumine\u0301 l\u2019enfance de l\u2019Univers, avant me\u0302me les e\u0301toiles ordinaires, d\u2019ou\u0300 l\u2019excitation autour des observations du James Webb.<\/p>\n

Car ces fameux objets Jades sont vus seulement quelques centaines de millions d\u2019anne\u0301es apre\u0300s le Big Bang. Pour l\u2019heure, ils sont catalogue\u0301s comme des galaxies pre\u0301coces. Mais pour Katherine Freese, \u201ccela peut e\u0302tre des galaxies contenant des millions d\u2019e\u0301toiles […] ou bien des e\u0301toiles noires, car une seule e\u0301toile noire e\u0301met assez de lumie\u0300re pour rivaliser avec une galaxie tout entie\u0300re \u201c.<\/p>\n

Un sce\u0301nario en partie conteste\u0301<\/b><\/p>\n

Alors, galaxies pre\u0301coces ou e\u0301toiles noires ? Selon le mode\u0300le de formation des e\u0301toiles noires, les protogalaxies e\u0301taient peuple\u0301es d\u2019amas tre\u0300s denses de matie\u0300re noire, ainsi que d\u2019hydroge\u0300ne et d\u2019he\u0301lium gazeux. Le gaz se refroidissant, il s\u2019est effondre\u0301 sur lui-me\u0302me, entrai\u0302nant la matie\u0300re noire avec lui. Les particules de matie\u0300re noire se sont trouve\u0301es comprime\u0301es jusqu\u2019a\u0300 s\u2019annihiler entre elles, de\u0301gageant de la chaleur. Ce chauffage s\u2019est oppose\u0301 a\u0300 l\u2019effondrement gravitationnel du gaz. Le noyau n\u2019a pas pu atteindre la densite\u0301 ne\u0301cessaire pour commencer la fusion nucle\u0301aire. Au lieu de cela, l\u2019astre a continue\u0301 d\u2019amasser du gaz et de la matie\u0300re noire, devenant beaucoup plus gros et brillant.<\/p>\n

Mais certaines e\u0301tapes de ce sce\u0301nario sont conteste\u0301es. Notamment, des simulations en 3D re\u0301alise\u0301es en 2014 par l\u2019e\u0301quipe d\u2019Athena Stacy, de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Californie (E\u0301tats-Unis), ont montre\u0301 que les re\u0301actions d\u2019annihilation n\u2019empe\u0302cheraient pas l\u2019effondrement du gaz… Par ailleurs, s\u2019il est vrai que la pre\u0301sence de galaxies si to\u0302t dans l\u2019Univers surprend, les mode\u0300les parviennent tout de me\u0302me a\u0300 expliquer leur existence. L\u2019option \u201ce\u0301toile de matie\u0300re noire\u201d n\u2019est donc pas indispensable pour justifier ces lumie\u0300res si pre\u0301cocement dans l\u2019Univers.<\/p>\n

Les partisans des e\u0301toiles noires ne se de\u0301moralisent pas pour autant. Ils attendent avec impatience de nouvelles mesures de la lumie\u0300re e\u0301mise par ces objets Jades, estimant qu\u2019elle sera diffe\u0301rente selon qu\u2019elle provienne d\u2019une galaxie, ou d\u2019une e\u0301toile de matie\u0300re noire.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Et si la fameuse matie\u0300re noire que l\u2019on recherche partout dans l\u2019Univers e\u0301tait la\u0300, presque sous nos yeux, au c\u0153ur d\u2019e\u0301toiles e\u0301blouissantes photographie\u0301es par le te\u0301lescope spatial James Webb ? Voila\u0300 qui re\u0301soudrait l\u2019un des plus e\u0301pais myste\u0300res de la cosmologie. Une hypothe\u0300se e\u0301tonnante La matie\u0300re noire repre\u0301sente 27 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":10845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-10846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nDe la mati\u00e8re noire contenue dans des \u00e9toiles ? - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Et si la fameuse matie\u0300re noire que l\u2019on recherche partout dans l\u2019Univers e\u0301tait la\u0300, presque sous nos yeux, au c\u0153ur d\u2019e ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De la mati\u00e8re noire contenue dans des \u00e9toiles ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Et si la fameuse matie\u0300re noire que l\u2019on recherche partout dans l\u2019Univers e\u0301tait la\u0300, presque sous nos yeux, au c\u0153ur d\u2019e ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-12-24T19:32:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-24T21:08:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/sites\/59\/2023\/12\/sm_1703435794.143466.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"899\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"De la mati\u00e8re noire contenue dans des \u00e9toiles ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-12-24T19:32:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-24T21:08:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles\"},\"wordCount\":685,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/sites\/59\/2023\/12\/sm_1703435794.143466.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\",\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-la-matiere-noire-contenue-dans-des-etoiles\",\"name\":\"De la mati\u00e8re noire contenue dans des \u00e9toiles ? 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