{"id":10885,"date":"2023-12-26T14:02:26","date_gmt":"2023-12-26T14:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/lhumain-est-capable-jusqua-un-certain-point-de-differencier-les-vocalisations-dautres-primates"},"modified":"2023-12-26T15:37:23","modified_gmt":"2023-12-26T15:37:23","slug":"lhumain-est-capable-jusqua-un-certain-point-de-differencier-les-vocalisations-dautres-primates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/lhumain-est-capable-jusqua-un-certain-point-de-differencier-les-vocalisations-dautres-primates","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019humain est capable, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 un certain point, de diff\u00e9rencier les vocalisations d\u2019autres primates"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Des e\u0301thologues ont de\u0301ja\u0300 de\u0301montre\u0301 que des personnes non forme\u0301es sont capables de comprendre la gestuelle des bonobos et des chimpanze\u0301s. Mais sommes-nous aussi capables de cate\u0301goriser les vocalisations de nos diffe\u0301rents proches cousins primates ? En se posant la question, des chercheurs de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Gene\u0300ve (Suisse) ont obtenu des re\u0301sultats particulie\u0300rement inte\u0301ressants.<\/p>\n

Des cris entendus a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur d\u2019un scanner IRM<\/b><\/p>\n

Au cours de cette e\u0301tude, 23 volontaires parlant franc\u0327ais ont e\u0301te\u0301 expose\u0301s a\u0300 72 vocalisations d\u2019humains, de bonobos, de chimpanze\u0301s et de macaques rhe\u0301sus. Alors qu\u2019ils e\u0301coutaient les sons joue\u0301s dans un casque audio, ils subissaient e\u0301galement un scanner IRM permettant aux chercheurs de visualiser l\u2019activite\u0301 de leurs re\u0301gions frontales et orbitofrontales. Celles-ci sont normalement capables de percevoir, de traiter et de cate\u0301goriser les vocalisations exprime\u0301es par des primates.<\/p>\n

Les volontaires ont d\u2019abord e\u0301te\u0301 familiarise\u0301s avec ces vocalisations avant d\u2019e\u0302tre invite\u0301s a\u0300 indiquer l\u2019espe\u0300ce de celles qu\u2019ils entendaient. Les voix humaines provenaient d\u2019une base de donne\u0301es enregistre\u0301es par des acteurs. Les vocalisations simiennes e\u0301taient soient affiliatives soit agonistiques et avaient e\u0301te\u0301 enregistre\u0301es sur le terrain.<\/p>\n

Les re\u0301sultats pre\u0301sente\u0301s dans la revue Cerebral Cortex Communications montrent bien que le cerveau des participants s\u2019active lorsqu\u2019ils entendent des voix humaines, mais aussi pareillement lorsqu\u2019ils e\u0301coutent des vocalisations de macaques et de chimpanze\u0301s. Ils ont d\u2019ailleurs re\u0301ussi a\u0300 les diffe\u0301rencier. Pour les auteurs de cette e\u0301tude, \u201cles preuves convergent vers une capacite\u0301 pre\u0301serve\u0301e de Homo sapiens a\u0300 reconnai\u0302tre les cris d\u2019espe\u0300ces proches de ses ance\u0302tres qui e\u0301taient tre\u0300s probablement tre\u0300s similaires a\u0300 ceux des vocalisations des primates non humains d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui\u201d. Doit-on y voir seulement l\u2019empreinte de notre proximite\u0301 ge\u0301ne\u0301tique ?<\/p>\n

La parente\u0301 entre espe\u0300ces ne fait pas tout<\/b><\/p>\n

Pas totalement. En effet, les volontaires ont eu beaucoup moins de succe\u0300s lorsqu\u2019ils e\u0301taient confronte\u0301s aux cris particulie\u0300rement stridents des bonobos. Malgre\u0301 notre proximite\u0301 phyloge\u0301ne\u0301tique avec cette espe\u0300ce, l\u2019activite\u0301 ce\u0301re\u0301brale e\u0301tait alors moindre et la cate\u0301gorisation difficile. A\u0300 l\u2019inverse, \u201cil est inte\u0301ressant de noter que dans notre e\u0301tude, les cris des chimpanze\u0301s n\u2019e\u0301taient pas mieux cate\u0301gorise\u0301s par les participants humains que ceux d\u2019une espe\u0300ce e\u0301volutivement plus lointaine, telle que les macaques rhe\u0301sus\u201d, notent les chercheurs.<\/p>\n

\u201cOn pensait que la parente\u0301 entre espe\u0300ces \u2013 la \u2018distance phyloge\u0301ne\u0301tique\u2019 \u2013 e\u0301tait le parame\u0300tre principal pour avoir la capacite\u0301, ou non, de reconnai\u0302tre ces diffe\u0301rentes vocalisations. Plus on est proches ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement, plus cette capacite\u0301 est importante, pensait-on, explique dans un communique\u0301 le professeur Didier Grandjean, qui a dirige\u0301 l\u2019e\u0301tude. Or, nos re\u0301sultats montrent qu\u2019un second parame\u0300tre entre en jeu : la distance acoustique. Plus la dynamique des parame\u0300tres acoustiques, comme les fre\u0301quences utilise\u0301es, est e\u0301loigne\u0301e de celle des humains, moins certaines re\u0301gions frontales sont active\u0301es. Nous perdons alors la capacite\u0301 de reconnai\u0302tre ces sons, me\u0302me s\u2019ils sont e\u0301mis par un proche cousin, en l\u2019occurrence le bonobo.\u201d<\/p>\n

Une autre question se pose maintenant : sommes-nous capables d\u2019identifier la teneur e\u0301motionnelle \u2013 positive ou ne\u0301gative \u2013 de ces vocalisations, surtout celles des macaques et des chimpanze\u0301s ? C\u2019est de\u0301sormais sur cet aspect que souhaite se pencher l\u2019e\u0301quipe du Pr Grandjean. Car mieux comprendre notre traitement des cris des autres espe\u0300ces de primates pourrait ame\u0301liorer la compre\u0301hension de notre propre communication non verbale.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Des e\u0301thologues ont de\u0301ja\u0300 de\u0301montre\u0301 que des personnes non forme\u0301es sont capables de comprendre la gestuelle des bonobos et des chimpanze\u0301s. Mais sommes-nous aussi capables de cate\u0301goriser les vocalisations de nos diffe\u0301rents proches cousins primates ? En se posant la question, des chercheurs de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Gene\u0300ve (Suisse) ont […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":10884,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-10885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019humain est capable, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 un certain point, de diff\u00e9rencier les vocalisations d\u2019autres primates - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Des e\u0301thologues ont de\u0301ja\u0300 de\u0301montre\u0301 que des personnes non forme\u0301es sont capables de comprendre la gestuelle des bonobo ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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