{"id":11167,"date":"2024-01-10T18:26:51","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T18:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/de-gros-vers-vieux-dun-demi-milliard-dannees-premiers-carnivores-des-mers"},"modified":"2024-01-10T20:19:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T20:19:25","slug":"de-gros-vers-vieux-dun-demi-milliard-dannees-premiers-carnivores-des-mers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/de-gros-vers-vieux-dun-demi-milliard-dannees-premiers-carnivores-des-mers","title":{"rendered":"De gros vers vieux d\u2019un demi-milliard d\u2019ann\u00e9es, premiers carnivores des mers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Les ge\u0301ants du de\u0301but du Cambrien (il y a plus de 500 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es) pourraient faire pa\u0302le figure face aux cre\u0301atures de\u0301mesure\u0301es qui leur ont succe\u0301de\u0301, dans les mers comme sur les terres.<\/p>\n

Ne\u0301anmoins ces sortes de vers nouvellement de\u0301couverts avaient atteint des tailles plus que respectables pour l\u2019e\u0301poque: plus d\u2019une trentaine de centime\u0300tres de longueur. Et leurs caracte\u0301ristiques en font sans doute de grands pre\u0301dateurs de leur e\u0301poque.<\/p>\n

Des vers au sommet de la chai\u0302ne alimentaire<\/b><\/p>\n

Leurs traces fossiles ont e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301niche\u0301es sur le site de Sirius Passet, au nord du Groenland par une e\u0301quipe internationale mene\u0301e par des chercheurs de l\u2019Institut de recherches polaires de Core\u0301e du Sud.<\/p>\n

Outre leur taille, les impressions fige\u0301es sur la roche indiquent la pre\u0301sence de nageoires sur les co\u0302te\u0301s de leur corps, d\u2019une te\u0302te distincte avec de longues antennes et de structures de ma\u0302choires massives a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur de leur bouche.<\/p>\n

Encore jamais de\u0301crites, ces dro\u0302les de cre\u0301atures ont e\u0301te\u0301 nomme\u0301es Timorebestia koprii par les scientifiques qui en font la pre\u0301sentation dans un article publie\u0301 par la revue Science Advances. \u201cLes Timorebestia e\u0301taient des ge\u0301ants de leur e\u0301poque et auraient e\u0301te\u0301 proches du sommet de la chai\u0302ne alimentaire. Cela rend cet animal e\u0301quivalent, en importance, a\u0300 certains des principaux carnivores des oce\u0301ans modernes\u201d souligne ainsi Morten Lunde Nielsen, de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Bristol.<\/p>\n

D\u2019ailleurs a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur du syste\u0300me digestif de certains spe\u0301cimens, ont e\u0301te\u0301 retrouve\u0301s des Isoxys, de petits arthropodes tre\u0300s communs au Cambrien qui ont visiblement fait partie du menu de ces vers.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Fossile de Timorebestia koprii. Les scientifiques ont utilise\u0301 une technique appele\u0301e microsonde e\u0301lectronique pour cartographier le carbone pre\u0301sent dans le fossile, ce qui re\u0301ve\u0300le ses caracte\u0301ristiques anatomiques, notamment les rayons de ses nageoires et de ses syste\u0300mes musculaires. Cre\u0301dit: Dr Jakob Vinther.<\/p>\n

Proches parents des Che\u0301tognathes<\/b><\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019e\u0301tude, les Timorebestia sont des proches parents des Che\u0301tognathes, parfois appele\u0301s vers sagittaires en raison de leur forme en fle\u0300ches. Ils existent toujours aujourd\u2019hui mais sont beaucoup plus petits et se nourrissent de zooplanctons.<\/p>\n

Ces animaux sont issus d\u2019une tre\u0300s vieille ligne\u0301e dont les premie\u0300res traces remontent a\u0300 il y a au moins 538 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es. \u201cLes Timorebestia nous permettent de comprendre d\u2019ou\u0300 viennent ces pre\u0301dateurs a\u0300 ma\u0302choires. Aujourd\u2019hui, les vers sagittaires ont des poils menac\u0327ants a\u0300 l\u2019exte\u0301rieur de la te\u0302te pour attraper leurs proies, tandis que les Timorebestia ont des ma\u0302choires a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur de la te\u0302te. Nous pouvons ainsi e\u0301tablir des liens entre des organismes e\u0301troitement lie\u0301s qui semblent aujourd\u2019hui tre\u0300s diffe\u0301rents\u201d, pre\u0301cise, dans un communique\u0301, Luke Parry de l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019Oxford.<\/p>\n

Si la position des ma\u0302choires permet de diffe\u0301rencier ces deux genres d\u2019animaux, d\u2019autres caracte\u0301ristiques les rapprochent: les deux posse\u0300dent par exemple un centre nerveux distinct sur leur ventre, appele\u0301 ganglion ventral.<\/p>\n

Une particularite\u0301 partage\u0301e par un autre fossile appele\u0301 Amiskwia dont les scientifiques supposent maintenant qu\u2019il est lui aussi e\u0301troitement lie\u0301 aux Che\u0301tognathes. Malgre\u0301 de difficiles conditions d\u2019acce\u0300s au site, les chercheurs espe\u0300rent mener d\u2019autres fouilles a\u0300 Sirius Passet et mieux comprendre les liens unissant toutes ces cre\u0301atures qui constituent l\u2019une des plus anciennes faunes connues.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Les ge\u0301ants du de\u0301but du Cambrien (il y a plus de 500 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es) pourraient faire pa\u0302le figure face aux cre\u0301atures de\u0301mesure\u0301es qui leur ont succe\u0301de\u0301, dans les mers comme sur les terres. Ne\u0301anmoins ces sortes de vers nouvellement de\u0301couverts avaient atteint des tailles plus que respectables pour l\u2019e\u0301poque: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":11166,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-11167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nDe gros vers vieux d\u2019un demi-milliard d\u2019ann\u00e9es, premiers carnivores des mers - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les ge\u0301ants du de\u0301but du Cambrien (il y a plus de 500 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es) pourraient faire pa\u0302le figure face aux cre\u0301atu ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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