{"id":11535,"date":"2024-01-26T18:09:15","date_gmt":"2024-01-26T18:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture"},"modified":"2024-01-26T19:44:12","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T19:44:12","slug":"les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture","title":{"rendered":"Les pesticides, le dossier empoisonn\u00e9 de l\u2019agriculture"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Ils tuent pucerons, \u201cmauvaises herbes\u201d et aussi des nue\u0301es d\u2019insectes pollinisateurs: les pesticides sont conside\u0301re\u0301s comme un \u201cmoyen de production\u201d par une majorite\u0301 d\u2019agriculteurs qui refusent de s\u2019en passer \u201csans solution alternative\u201d dans une France qui veut voir leurs usages conside\u0301rablement re\u0301duits d\u2019ici 2030.<\/p>\n

Parmi les diverses revendications agricoles, les ce\u0301re\u0301aliers ont de\u0301clare\u0301 la guerre au projet gouvernemental de re\u0301duire de moitie\u0301 l\u2019usage des pesticides d\u2019ici 2030 (par rapport a\u0300 2015-2017), estimant avoir de\u0301ja\u0300 re\u0301duit leurs usages \u201cde 46% en 20 ans\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ou\u0300 se situe la France? \u2013<\/b><\/p>\n

Dans le monde, l\u2019usage de pesticides ne cesse d\u2019augmenter depuis 1990. En Europe, il a augmente\u0301 de 4% en 2021 et de moins de 1% par rapport a\u0300 1990, quand elle bondissait sur cette dernie\u0300re pe\u0301riode de 191% sur le continent ame\u0301ricain. En France, elle a augmente\u0301 de 7% en 2021 mais diminue\u0301 de 29% par rapport a\u0300 1990.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa France se classe depuis longtemps dans la moyenne des pays de l\u2019UE en ce qui concerne les quantite\u0301s de substances actives utilise\u0301es ramene\u0301es a\u0300 l\u2019hectare\u201d avec 3,44 kilogrammes par hectare, derrie\u0300re les Pays-Bas, premier consommateur europe\u0301en (10,8 kg\/ha), l\u2019Irlande et l\u2019Italie (plus de 6 kg\/ha) ou l\u2019Allemagne (4 kg\/ha), selon un rapport parlementaire.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Du \u201cprogre\u0300s\u201d au \u201cpoison\u201d \u2013<\/b><\/p>\n

Apre\u0300s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les pesticides apparaissent comme un \u201cprogre\u0300s\u201d qui a permis de tourner la page des grandes crises de la fin du 19e sie\u0300cle comme le mildiou de la pomme de terre en Irlande.<\/p>\n

Se\u0301curise\u0301s, les rendements se sont envole\u0301s jusqu\u2019a\u0300 la fin des anne\u0301es 90, puis ont stagne\u0301. Et pourraient se re\u0301duire sous l\u2019effet des crises climatiques.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuand on utilise massivement des pesticides, on ge\u0301ne\u0300re des re\u0301sistances. Donc si on ne fait rien, de toutes fac\u0327ons les pesticides vont perdre leur efficacite\u0301\u201d, explique Christian Huyghe, directeur scientifique agriculture a\u0300 l\u2019Inrae.<\/p>\n

Avec le Grenelle de l\u2019environnement fin 2007, la France fixe un objectif de re\u0301duction de 50% de l\u2019usage des pesticides de synthe\u0300se en 10 ans. Les deux plans successifs mis en \u0153uvre, Ecophyto 1 et 2, se sont solde\u0301s par des e\u0301checs.<\/p>\n

Mais une dynamique est lance\u0301e. En 2014, des produits phytopharmaceutiques sont interdits dans les jardins et espaces publics.<\/p>\n

L\u2019anne\u0301e suivante est confie\u0301e a\u0300 l\u2019agence sanitaire Anses, outre sa mission de contro\u0302le, la charge de l\u2019autorisation de mise sur le marche\u0301 des pesticides. Depuis, la grande majorite\u0301 des mole\u0301cules les plus toxiques (CMR1 et 2), qualifie\u0301es de \u201cpoison\u201d par les ONG environnementales, ont e\u0301te\u0301 retire\u0301es.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Logiques contraires \u2013<\/b><\/p>\n

Le plan franc\u0327ais Ecophyto 2030 cherche aussi a\u0300 pre\u0301server la compe\u0301titivite\u0301 en cherchant des solutions alternatives a\u0300 75 mole\u0301cules \u2013 repre\u0301sentant \u201c79% des volumes vendus en France en 2022\u201d, selon l\u2019Inrae \u2013 qui sont les plus expose\u0301es a\u0300 un risque de retrait du marche\u0301 dans les 5-7 prochaines anne\u0301es.<\/p>\n

Mais pour Eric Thirouin, repre\u0301sentant des producteurs de ble\u0301, \u201con va dans le mur\u201d: \u201cA partir du moment ou\u0300 on remplace un produit efficace, mais conside\u0301re\u0301 comme nocif, par un produit moins efficace, on est oblige\u0301 de le passer plus souvent dans les champs\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pour le chercheur de l\u2019Inrae, il faut sortir de cette \u201clogique par substitution\u201d et \u201cexplorer des syste\u0300mes le\u0301ge\u0300rement diffe\u0301rents\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cPar exemple, est-ce qu\u2019on peut faire en sorte demain de ne de\u0301sherber que la moitie\u0301 d\u2019une surface, d\u2019avoir une combinaison entre baisse des phytos et de\u0301sherbage me\u0301canique\u201d, ce qui permettrait de \u201cralentir le processus d\u2019e\u0301mergence de re\u0301sistance\u201d, explique-t-il.<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u201cDistorsions de concurrence\u201d-<\/b><\/p>\n

Pour les syndicats majoritaires, ces changements, \u201cpas du tout simples\u201d, se solderaient par une chute de la production et une destruction des filie\u0300res.<\/p>\n

S\u2019ils se re\u0301jouissent du renouvellement de l\u2019herbicide controverse\u0301 glyphosate et de l\u2019e\u0301chec du projet le\u0301gislatif europe\u0301en sur les pesticides cet automne, ils re\u0301clament a\u0300 la France de sortir des \u201cinjonctions contradictoires\u201d, entre contrainte environnementale et souverainete\u0301 alimentaire.<\/p>\n

Pour avancer, ils espe\u0300rent voir l\u2019Europe autoriser les nouvelles techniques d\u2019e\u0301dition du ge\u0301nome (NGT) et de\u0301noncent pour l\u2019heure des \u201cdistorsions e\u0301normes de concurrence\u201d au sein de l\u2019UE, jugeant que la France est alle\u0301e seule plus loin et trop vite.<\/p>\n

\u201cOn a une tre\u0300s grande crainte pour la production de pommes, avec la fin annonce\u0301e pour 2026 du Movento, qui permet de contro\u0302ler le puceron cendre\u0301. Nos voisins peuvent utiliser d\u2019autres mole\u0301cules autorise\u0301es en Europe mais pas nous, car la France les a interdites depuis 2014\u201d, explique Daniel Sauvaitre, secre\u0301taire ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de l\u2019interprofession des fruits et le\u0301gumes (Interfel).<\/p>\n

Il y a un an de\u0301ja\u0300, les betteraviers franc\u0327ais, prive\u0301s des insecticides ne\u0301onicotinoi\u0308des dont certains restent utilise\u0301s en Allemagne par exemple, avaient paralyse\u0301 la capitale, a\u0300 bord de plus de 500 tracteurs. Ils sont pre\u0302ts a\u0300 recommencer.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Ils tuent pucerons, \u201cmauvaises herbes\u201d et aussi des nue\u0301es d\u2019insectes pollinisateurs: les pesticides sont conside\u0301re\u0301s comme un \u201cmoyen de production\u201d par une majorite\u0301 d\u2019agriculteurs qui refusent de s\u2019en passer \u201csans solution alternative\u201d dans une France qui veut voir leurs usages conside\u0301rablement re\u0301duits d\u2019ici 2030. Parmi les diverses revendications agricoles, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":11534,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-11535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nLes pesticides, le dossier empoisonn\u00e9 de l\u2019agriculture - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ils tuent pucerons, \u201cmauvaises herbes\u201d et aussi des nue\u0301es d\u2019insectes pollinisateurs: les pesticides sont conside\u0301re\u0301s c ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les pesticides, le dossier empoisonn\u00e9 de l\u2019agriculture\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ils tuent pucerons, \u201cmauvaises herbes\u201d et aussi des nue\u0301es d\u2019insectes pollinisateurs: les pesticides sont conside\u0301re\u0301s c ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-26T18:09:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-26T19:44:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/sites\/59\/2024\/01\/sm_1706281739.685434.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Les pesticides, le dossier empoisonn\u00e9 de l\u2019agriculture\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-26T18:09:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-26T19:44:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture\"},\"wordCount\":881,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/sites\/59\/2024\/01\/sm_1706281739.685434.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\",\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-pesticides-le-dossier-empoisonne-de-lagriculture\",\"name\":\"Les pesticides, le dossier empoisonn\u00e9 de l\u2019agriculture - 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