{"id":11950,"date":"2024-02-15T22:12:21","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T22:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe"},"modified":"2024-02-15T23:24:16","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T23:24:16","slug":"perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe","title":{"rendered":"Perspectives \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 Sao Tom\u00e9-et-Principe"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>E\u0301volutions macroe\u0301conomiques et financie\u0300res re\u0301centes<\/b><\/p>\n

La croissance du PIB re\u0301el a diminue\u0301 de peu, passant de 1,9 % en 2021 a\u0300 une croissance estime\u0301e de 0,9 % en 2022. Cette baisse est attribue\u0301e a\u0300 l\u2019effet persistant de la pande\u0301mie de COVID-19 sur le tourisme, ainsi qu\u2019a\u0300 l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie, qui a perturbe\u0301 le commerce mondial. En tant que petit E\u0301tat insulaire en de\u0301veloppement, le pays compte sur le tourisme, qui repre\u0301sentait 43,7 % des recettes en devises en 2021 et e\u0301tait l\u2019un des principaux moteurs de l\u2019e\u0301conomie.<\/p>\n

Le ralentissement e\u0301conomique a e\u0301te\u0301 aggrave\u0301 par l\u2019impact, sur le marche\u0301 local, de la hausse des cours internationaux des denre\u0301es alimentaires et du pe\u0301trole. Sa\u0303o Tome\u0301 et Pri\u0301ncipe importe 100 % de son pe\u0301trole et la moitie\u0301 de ses denre\u0301es alimentaires. En conse\u0301quence, l\u2019inflation est passe\u0301e de 8,1 % en 2021 a\u0300 17,9 % en 2022, sous l\u2019effet durable de la pande\u0301mie de COVID-19. Selon les estimations, le de\u0301ficit budge\u0301taire a atteint environ 7,2 % du PIB en 2022, contre 5,9 % en 2021. Paralle\u0300lement, le de\u0301ficit courant s\u2019est creuse\u0301 pour atteindre, selon les estimations, 19,4 % du PIB en 2022, contre 16,9 % en 2021, en raison d\u2019une forte augmentation des prix du pe\u0301trole et des denre\u0301es alimentaires sur le marche\u0301 mondial. Le de\u0301ficit de la balance courante est finance\u0301 principalement par des cre\u0301dits pe\u0301troliers et des emprunts multilate\u0301raux. Les re\u0301serves internationales nettes ont diminue\u0301, passant de 29,9 millions d\u2019USD en 2021 a\u0300 14,3 millions d\u2019USD en 2022, en raison de l\u2019augmentation des cou\u0302ts d\u2019importation du pe\u0301trole et des produits alimentaires. Le rendement des actifs est passe\u0301 de 1,0 % en septembre 2021 a\u0300 1,4 % en septembre 2022, et le rendement des capitaux propres a suivi la me\u0302me tendance, croissant de 5,7 % en septembre 2021 a\u0300 8,4 % en septembre 2022.<\/p>\n

Perspectives et risques<\/b><\/p>\n

Le PIB re\u0301el ne devrait croi\u0302tre que de 1,6 % en 2023 et de 1,9 % en 2024, en raison de la lenteur de la reprise du commerce mondial apre\u0300s la pande\u0301mie de COVID-19. Le de\u0301ficit budge\u0301taire devrait refluer, passant a\u0300 5,5 % du PIB en 2023 et a\u0300 4,5 % en 2024 gra\u0302ce a\u0300 des de\u0301penses publiques prudentes et a\u0300 des mesures d\u2019auste\u0301rite\u0301 visant a\u0300 contenir l\u2019inflation. Les recettes tire\u0301es des exportations et du tourisme devraient rebondir, contribuant a\u0300 re\u0301duire le de\u0301ficit de la balance courante a\u0300 16,2 % du PIB en 2023 et a\u0300 13,9 % en 2024, tandis que les re\u0301serves internationales devraient augmenter pour atteindre 20,3 millions d\u2019USD en 2023 et 25,2 millions d\u2019USD en 2024, gra\u0302ce a\u0300 l\u2019afflux de pre\u0302ts et de dons multilate\u0301raux et bilate\u0301raux. Un nouveau programme du Fonds mone\u0301taire international devrait stimuler l\u2019activite\u0301 e\u0301conomique et la croissance en aidant le gouvernement a\u0300 atteindre la stabilite\u0301 macroe\u0301conomique, a\u0300 re\u0301duire la vulne\u0301rabilite\u0301 de la dette, a\u0300 atte\u0301nuer les pressions sur la balance des paiements et a\u0300 jeter les bases d\u2019une croissance plus forte. Les facteurs de risque sont une aggravation de l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie ; des e\u0301ve\u0301nements lie\u0301s au changement climatique ; l\u2019insuffisance des infrastructures et un ralentissement du commerce mondial, ce qui risquerait de plomber la croissance e\u0301conomique de l\u2019i\u0302le.<\/p>\n

Changement climatique et options de politiques publiques<\/b><\/p>\n

En tant que petit E\u0301tat insulaire en de\u0301veloppement, Sa\u0303o Tome\u0301 et Pri\u0301ncipe est sujet aux chocs climatiques. Le pays a donc e\u0301labore\u0301 sa contribution de\u0301termine\u0301e au niveau national (CDN) en vue d\u2019augmenter la part des e\u0301nergies renouvelables dans le re\u0301seau national, de re\u0301duire les pertes du re\u0301seau e\u0301lectrique et d\u2019accroi\u0302tre l\u2019efficacite\u0301 e\u0301nerge\u0301tique, tout en re\u0301duisant de manie\u0300re substantielle l\u2019empreinte carbone du secteur des transports. Le cou\u0302t estime\u0301 de la CDN entre 2020 et 2030, qui vise a\u0300 re\u0301duire les e\u0301missions de 27 % d\u2019ici 2030, est de 150 millions d\u2019USD. Ces mesures re\u0301duiront la vulne\u0301rabilite\u0301 du pays au changement climatique tout en stimulant les investissements prive\u0301s dans les secteurs de l\u2019e\u0301lectricite\u0301, de l\u2019agriculture, du tourisme et des transports. Le secteur prive\u0301 peut adopter des pratiques et des technologies agricoles intelligentes sur le plan climatique afin d\u2019ame\u0301liorer l\u2019adaptation et la re\u0301silience au changement climatique. Le pays s\u2019est fixe\u0301 comme objectif une production agricole biologique a\u0300 100 %, objectif mene\u0301 par le secteur prive\u0301. Il vise a\u0300 promouvoir une agriculture locale durable pour la consommation interne et l\u2019exportation, tout en pre\u0301servant la biodiversite\u0301. En outre, l\u2019e\u0301conomie bleue peut e\u0302tre une nouvelle source de croissance base\u0301e sur la pre\u0301servation du milieu marin et de la biodiversite\u0301. Le bouquet e\u0301nerge\u0301tique actuel, compose\u0301 a\u0300 95 % de combustibles fossiles, peut e\u0301voluer, avec le soutien du secteur prive\u0301. Le gouvernement devrait adopter une nouvelle le\u0301gislation pour faciliter l\u2019investissement prive\u0301 dans la transition vers les e\u0301nergies vertes et propres.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. E\u0301volutions macroe\u0301conomiques et financie\u0300res re\u0301centes La croissance du PIB re\u0301el a diminue\u0301 de peu, passant de 1,9 % en 2021 a\u0300 une croissance estime\u0301e de 0,9 % en 2022. Cette baisse est attribue\u0301e a\u0300 l\u2019effet persistant de la pande\u0301mie de COVID-19 sur le tourisme, ainsi qu\u2019a\u0300 l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":11949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,20,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-11950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-top-nouvelles","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nPerspectives \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 Sao Tom\u00e9-et-Principe - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"E\u0301volutions macroe\u0301conomiques et financie\u0300res re\u0301centes La croissance du PIB re\u0301el a diminue\u0301 de peu, passant de ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Perspectives \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 Sao Tom\u00e9-et-Principe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"E\u0301volutions macroe\u0301conomiques et financie\u0300res re\u0301centes La croissance du PIB re\u0301el a diminue\u0301 de peu, passant de ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-02-15T22:12:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-15T23:24:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/sites\/59\/2024\/02\/sm_1708023194.226081.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1162\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"447\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Perspectives \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 Sao Tom\u00e9-et-Principe\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-15T22:12:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-15T23:24:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe\"},\"wordCount\":869,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/sites\/59\/2024\/02\/sm_1708023194.226081.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\",\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u00c9conomie\",\"Top Nouvelles\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/perspectives-economiques-a-sao-tome-et-principe\",\"name\":\"Perspectives \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 Sao Tom\u00e9-et-Principe - 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