{"id":12326,"date":"2024-03-09T19:35:22","date_gmt":"2024-03-09T19:35:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/maladies-neurodegeneratives-comment-les-prevenir-2"},"modified":"2024-03-09T22:27:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-09T22:27:59","slug":"maladies-neurodegeneratives-comment-les-prevenir-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/maladies-neurodegeneratives-comment-les-prevenir-2","title":{"rendered":"Maladies neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives : comment les pr\u00e9venir ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>La maladie d\u2019Alzheimer est la pathologie la plus connue et la plus re\u0301pandue des maladies neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301ratives. Elle repre\u0301sente 60 a\u0300 70 % des cas de de\u0301mences, d\u2019apre\u0300s l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Lille.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, en France, plus d\u2019un million de personnes sont touche\u0301es par une maladie neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301rative, dont la maladie de Parkinson, la maladie de Charcot ou encore celle de Huntington. Avec le vieillissement progressif de la population, le nombre de cas ne cesse d\u2019augmenter. Souvent, ces pathologies s\u2019accompagnent d\u2019une perte d\u2019autonomie et de retentissements importants sur la qualite\u0301 de vie et les liens sociaux. Tre\u0300s invalidantes, elles repre\u0301sentent un de\u0301fi pour le syste\u0300me de sante\u0301 et la recherche.<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une maladie neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301rative ?<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cLes maladies neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301ratives sont un terme ge\u0301ne\u0301rique de\u0301signant une se\u0301rie d\u2019affections qui touchent principalement les neurones du cerveau humain\u201d, re\u0301sume le site du JPND (EU Joint Programme \u2013 Neurodegenerative Disease Research).<\/p>\n

Ces pathologies touchent le syste\u0300me nerveux central, dont les e\u0301le\u0301ments constitutifs, les neurones, sont des cellules particulie\u0300res. En effet, les neurones ne se reproduisent pas et ne se remplacent pas lorsqu\u2019ils sont endommage\u0301s. Or les maladies neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301ratives provoquent leur de\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301rescence, voire leur mort. \u201cCela entrai\u0302ne des proble\u0300mes de mouvement, appele\u0301s ataxies, ou de fonctionnement mental, appele\u0301s de\u0301mences\u201d, indique le JPND. Quels sont les facteurs a\u0300 risque ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Il existe de tre\u0300s rares formes he\u0301re\u0301ditaires, mais l\u2019a\u0302ge est le facteur le plus important. \u201cLa pre\u0301valence de la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer est de 0,5 % avant 65 ans et atteint 15 % a\u0300 80 ans\u201d, pre\u0301cise l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Lille. Les femmes sont e\u0301galement davantage touche\u0301es que les hommes (entre 1,5 et 2 fois plus). La recherche se penche aujourd\u2019hui sur l\u2019implication de causes cardiovasculaires et environnementales.<\/p>\n

Zoom sur la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer. \u201cLa maladie d\u2019Alzheimer entrai\u0302ne la destruction progressive de l\u2019ensemble des neurones du cerveau\u201d, explique l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Lille. Elle est souvent a\u0300 l\u2019origine d\u2019une de\u0301mence, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire une de\u0301gradation de la me\u0301moire, du raisonnement, du comportement et des capacite\u0301s a\u0300 re\u0301aliser des ta\u0302ches du quotidien. Mais a\u0300 quoi est-elle due ? Deux le\u0301sions sont mises en causes dans la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer. Il y a, d\u2019une part, la formation d\u2019agre\u0301gats de la prote\u0301ine dite Be\u0302ta-amyloi\u0308de autour des neurones. Ces plaques amyloi\u0308des sont aussi appele\u0301es plaques se\u0301niles. D\u2019autre part est implique\u0301e une de\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301rescence neurofibrillaire, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire la formation de filaments a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur des neurones. C\u2019est la prote\u0301ine Tau qui en est a\u0300 l\u2019origine.<\/p>\n

Des sympto\u0302mes divers<\/b><\/p>\n

Le plus souvent, les sympto\u0302mes apparaissent quelques anne\u0301es apre\u0300s l\u2019apparition des premie\u0300res le\u0301sions dans le cerveau, \u201ccar le cerveau humain arrive a\u0300 compenser un temps les pertes neuronales engendre\u0301es\u201d, analyse l\u2019Institut Pasteur. Parmi les sympto\u0302mes les plus fre\u0301quents: la perte de me\u0301moire, en particulier les souvenirs re\u0301cents, les difficulte\u0301s de langage, la de\u0301sorientation spatio-temporelle, la perte d\u2019objets, une alte\u0301ration du jugement et du comportement, un changement de personnalite\u0301 et une perte de motivation.<\/p>\n

Pour pre\u0301venir les maladies neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301ratives, il est possible d\u2019agir a\u0300 plusieurs niveaux. D\u2019abord: limiter le risque cardio-vasculaire, en contro\u0302lant l\u2019hypertension arte\u0301rielle et le choleste\u0301rol notamment. Pour cela une alimentation e\u0301quilibre\u0301e est ne\u0301cessaire, associe\u0301e a\u0300 la consommation d\u2019ome\u0301ga 3 et d\u2019antioxydants qui pourraient avoir un effet be\u0301ne\u0301fique d\u2019apre\u0300s l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Lilles. \u201cLes personnes qui consomment du poisson 2-3 fois par semaine seraient moins touche\u0301es par le de\u0301clin des fonctions cognitives. Quant aux antioxydants et aux de\u0301rive\u0301s xanthiques contenus dans le cafe\u0301 et le the\u0301 vert, ils ralentiraient la de\u0301te\u0301rioration de la me\u0301moire\u201d, peut-on lire sur leur site. L\u2019activite\u0301 physique, adapte\u0301e en fonction de son a\u0302ge et de ses besoins, est e\u0301galement pre\u0301conise\u0301e.<\/p>\n

Neuropsychologues et chercheurs recommandent aussi fortement l\u2019entrai\u0302nement ce\u0301re\u0301bral pour ralentir l\u2019apparition de la maladie et de ses sympto\u0302mes. En outre la lecture, les sudokus, les mots-croise\u0301s mais aussi les activite\u0301s manuelles, le bricolage et le jardinage par exemple.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. La maladie d\u2019Alzheimer est la pathologie la plus connue et la plus re\u0301pandue des maladies neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301ratives. Elle repre\u0301sente 60 a\u0300 70 % des cas de de\u0301mences, d\u2019apre\u0300s l\u2019Institut Pasteur de Lille. Aujourd\u2019hui, en France, plus d\u2019un million de personnes sont touche\u0301es par une maladie neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301rative, dont la maladie de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":12325,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-12326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nMaladies neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives : comment les pr\u00e9venir ? - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La maladie d\u2019Alzheimer est la pathologie la plus connue et la plus re\u0301pandue des maladies neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301ratives. 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