{"id":12441,"date":"2024-03-14T22:29:30","date_gmt":"2024-03-14T22:29:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/la-baleine-bleue-redevient-lanimal-le-plus-lourd-ayant-jamais-vecu-sur-terre"},"modified":"2024-03-15T00:13:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T00:13:18","slug":"la-baleine-bleue-redevient-lanimal-le-plus-lourd-ayant-jamais-vecu-sur-terre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/la-baleine-bleue-redevient-lanimal-le-plus-lourd-ayant-jamais-vecu-sur-terre","title":{"rendered":"La baleine bleue redevient l\u2019animal le plus lourd ayant jamais v\u00e9cu sur Terre"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>L\u2019e\u0301ternelle question de savoir quel animal de\u0301tient le titre de plus grand e\u0302tre vivant sur Terre vient d\u2019e\u0302tre secoue\u0301e par une e\u0301tude re\u0301cente qui re\u0301fute les conclusions ante\u0301rieures sur la baleine Perucetus colossus.<\/p>\n<p>En 2023, des chercheurs avaient en effet sugge\u0301re\u0301 que cet animal vieux d\u2019environ 39 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es surpassait la baleine bleue en termes de poids. Cependant, de nouveaux travaux contestent cette affirmation et re\u0301tablissent la baleine bleue comme le plus grand animal ayant jamais ve\u0301cu sur notre plane\u0300te.<\/p>\n<p><b>Une bagarre au sommet<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Les tailles extre\u0302mes pre\u0301sentent un grand inte\u0301re\u0302t pour l\u2019e\u0301volution. Elle dicte en effet de nombreux traits de la biologie d\u2019un organisme. Il existe notamment une fascination particulie\u0300re pour l\u2019identification des grandes tailles chez les verte\u0301bre\u0301s qui implique notamment les baleines, les dinosaures terrestres non aviaires ou encore les reptiles marins e\u0301teints.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant longtemps, on a pense\u0301 que la baleine bleue (Balaenoptera musculus) e\u0301tait au-dessus des autres, toutes espe\u0300ces confondues. Cependant, Perucetus colossus, une baleine basilosauride\u0301e datant de l\u2019E\u0301oce\u0300ne de\u0301couverte au Pe\u0301rou, a re\u0301cemment suscite\u0301 l\u2019attention. L\u2019anne\u0301e dernie\u0300re, des estimations de son poids corporel avaient en effet de\u0301passe\u0301 celles des rorquals bleus actuels, remettant en cause notre compre\u0301hension des limites de la taille des verte\u0301bre\u0301s. Mais cet ancien ge\u0301ant e\u0301tait-il vraiment plus lourd que la baleine bleue ?<\/p>\n<p><b>Une e\u0301tude rigoureuse<\/b><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019e\u0301quipe de recherche avait initialement base\u0301 ses conclusions sur des fossiles de Perucetus colossus comprenant treize verte\u0300bres, quatre co\u0302tes et un os de hanche. En extrapolant ces fragments, ils avaient estime\u0301 que le poids du squelette de P. colossus aurait e\u0301te\u0301 deux a\u0300 trois fois supe\u0301rieur a\u0300 celui des squelettes de baleines bleues existantes en raison de ses os exceptionnellement denses.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, les chercheurs de la nouvelle e\u0301tude, dirige\u0301e par le professeur Ryosuke Motani et Nick Pyenson, ont remis en question ces conclusions. Ils ont en effet souligne\u0301 que le poids e\u0301leve\u0301 estime\u0301 pour P. colossus aurait rendu difficile son existence dans l\u2019eau en ne\u0301cessitant une nage constante contre la gravite\u0301.<\/p>\n<p>Les erreurs dans les estimations ont e\u0301te\u0301 identifie\u0301es dans deux domaines cle\u0301s. Tout d\u2019abord, la fac\u0327on dont le poids du squelette total a e\u0301te\u0301 utilise\u0301 pour extrapoler la taille du corps ne correspondait pas aux mode\u0300les de croissance observe\u0301s chez les animaux actuels. Deuxie\u0300mement, la sure\u0301valuation potentielle de la masse corporelle re\u0301sultait des os extre\u0302mement e\u0301pais de P. colossus, connus sous le nom de pachyoste\u0301oscle\u0301rose.<\/p>\n<p><b>La baleine bleue remporte le duel, haut la main<\/b><\/p>\n<p>En re\u0301e\u0301valuant ces parame\u0300tres, les chercheurs ont remis en question les estimations pre\u0301ce\u0301dentes. Contrairement aux affirmations ante\u0301rieures, il a e\u0301te\u0301 conclu que Perucetus n\u2019exce\u0301dait pas la masse corporelle des rorquals bleus modernes. Selon les hypothe\u0300ses et les me\u0301thodes, les chercheurs ont en effet estime\u0301 son poids a\u0300 entre 60 et 70 tonnes pour une longueur de dix-sept me\u0300tres. Me\u0302me en extrapolant a\u0300 une longueur de vingt me\u0300tres, les estimations maximales ont atteint 98 a\u0300 114 tonnes, ce qui est toujours en dec\u0327a\u0300 des poids directement mesure\u0301s chez les rorquals bleus.<\/p>\n<p>En effet, le poids moyen d\u2019une baleine bleue adulte se situe ge\u0301ne\u0301ralement entre 100 et 200 tonnes. Cependant, certains individus exceptionnels peuvent de\u0301passer ces chiffres et atteignent parfois les 200 a\u0300 270 tonnes.<\/p>\n<p>Cette e\u0301tude met ainsi en e\u0301vidence les de\u0301fis lie\u0301s a\u0300 la de\u0301termination des tailles extre\u0302mes des organismes et souligne l\u2019importance d\u2019une me\u0301thodologie rigoureuse.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations et d&rsquo;analyses sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\">S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/\">Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. L\u2019e\u0301ternelle question de savoir quel animal de\u0301tient le titre de plus grand e\u0302tre vivant sur Terre vient d\u2019e\u0302tre secoue\u0301e par une e\u0301tude re\u0301cente qui re\u0301fute les conclusions ante\u0301rieures sur la baleine Perucetus colossus. En 2023, des chercheurs avaient en effet sugge\u0301re\u0301 que cet animal vieux d\u2019environ 39 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":12440,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-12441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La baleine bleue redevient l\u2019animal le plus lourd ayant jamais v\u00e9cu sur Terre - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019e\u0301ternelle question de savoir quel 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