{"id":12682,"date":"2024-03-28T12:13:50","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T12:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/les-chiens-comprennent-bien-les-mots-plutot-que-le-ton-employe-selon-une-etude"},"modified":"2024-03-29T08:25:26","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T08:25:26","slug":"les-chiens-comprennent-bien-les-mots-plutot-que-le-ton-employe-selon-une-etude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-chiens-comprennent-bien-les-mots-plutot-que-le-ton-employe-selon-une-etude","title":{"rendered":"Les chiens comprennent bien les mots plut\u00f4t que le ton employ\u00e9, selon une \u00e9tude"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Nos chiens peuvent-ils comprendre les mots que nous employons ? Une nouvelle e\u0301tude sur les ondes ce\u0301re\u0301brales, publie\u0301e le 22 mars 2024 dans Current Biology, sugge\u0300re que le fait d\u2019entendre le nom de leurs jouets pre\u0301fe\u0301re\u0301s active chez eux la me\u0301moire des objets auxquels ils sont associe\u0301s. \u201cCela nous montre que ce n\u2019est pas une faculte\u0301 simplement humaine\u201d, se re\u0301jouit la co-autrice de l\u2019enque\u0302te Lilla Magyari, chercheuse a\u0300 l\u2019Universite\u0301 Lora\u0301nd-Eo\u0308tvo\u0308s en Hongrie.<\/p>\n

Le ton employe\u0301 ou le contexte<\/b><\/p>\n

La question de savoir si les chiens comprennent les mots ou une situation, tels que le ton employe\u0301 ou un contexte particulier, a longtemps e\u0301te\u0301 en suspens et la science n\u2019a pas e\u0301te\u0301 en mesure d\u2019apporter de re\u0301ponses claires. Par le passe\u0301, plusieurs tests en laboratoire ont de\u0301montre\u0301 que les chiens, a\u0300 quelques exceptions pre\u0300s, ne sont pas capables de ramener des objets seulement apre\u0300s avoir entendu leurs noms.<\/p>\n

Pour de nombreux experts, ce n\u2019est alors pas vraiment ce que nous leur disons mais la manie\u0300re et le moment ou\u0300 nous le faisons qui les stimulent. Par exemple, demander d\u2019aller \u201cchercher le ba\u0302ton\u201d et voir son chien revenir avec le bout de bois ne prouve pas que son chien connaisse la signification du mot \u201cba\u0302ton\u201d.<\/p>\n

Une preuve de compre\u0301hension du sens des mots<\/b><\/p>\n

Pour cette nouvelle e\u0301tude, Lilla Magyari et ses colle\u0300gues ont utilise\u0301 une technique d\u2019imagerie ce\u0301re\u0301brale non invasive sur 18 chiens. A l\u2019aide d\u2019e\u0301lectrodes pose\u0301es sur leurs cra\u0302nes, ils ont enregistre\u0301 leur activite\u0301 ce\u0301re\u0301brale. Les mai\u0302tres donnaient alors les mots correspondant a\u0300 des jouets qu\u2019ils connaissaient pour ensuite leur montrer soit l\u2019objet correspondant soit un objet diffe\u0301rent.<\/p>\n

Apre\u0300s analyse, l\u2019e\u0301quipe de chercheurs a de\u0301couvert des sche\u0301mas diffe\u0301rents dans le cerveau lorsque le mai\u0302tre montrait l\u2019objet correspondant ou non. Ce type d\u2019expe\u0301rience, utilise\u0301e depuis des de\u0301cennies sur des humains est conside\u0301re\u0301 comme une preuve de compre\u0301hension du sens et a e\u0301galement l\u2019avantage de ne pas demander a\u0300 un chien de rapporter l\u2019objet pour prouver ses connaissances.<\/p>\n

\u201cNous avons trouve\u0301 ce re\u0301sultat chez 14 chiens\u201d, indique a\u0300 l\u2019AFP la co-autrice de l\u2019e\u0301tude Marianna Boros. Ce qui montre que ce re\u0301sultat n\u2019est pas seulement le fait de \u201cquelques chiens exceptionnels\u201d. Me\u0302me les quatre qui ont \u201ce\u0301choue\u0301\u201d ont peut-e\u0302tre simplement e\u0301te\u0301 teste\u0301s sur les mauvais mots, ajoute-t-elle.<\/p>\n

\u201cRe\u0301ponse ce\u0301re\u0301brale\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019aptitude des chiens a\u0300 rapporter un jouet spe\u0301cifique apre\u0300s en avoir entendu le nom e\u0301tait auparavant conside\u0301re\u0301 comme un don, explique a\u0300 l\u2019AFP Holly Root-Gutteridge, spe\u0301cialiste du comportement des chiens a\u0300 l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Lincoln, en Angleterre. Par exemple, les ce\u0301le\u0300bres borders collies Chaser et Rico pouvaient retrouver des jouets dans une large pile juste en entendant leurs noms. Pour la chercheuse, la nouvelle e\u0301tude \u201cmontre que nombreux chiens apprennent le nom des objets en termes de re\u0301ponse ce\u0301re\u0301brale me\u0302me s\u2019ils ne le montrent pas dans leurs comportements\u201d.<\/p>\n

Clive Wynne, un comportementaliste canin a\u0300 l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019Etat de l\u2019Arizona se dit lui \u201cpartage\u0301\u201d sur ces re\u0301sultats. \u201cL\u2019article ne tient pas la route quand il essaie de de\u0301montrer ce qu\u2019il appelle \u2018la compre\u0301hension se\u0301mantique’\u201d, estime-t-il, tout en louant un dispositif expe\u0301rimental \u201cinge\u0301nieux\u201d qui permet de tester l\u2019ensemble du \u201cvocabulaire fonctionnel\u201d des chiens.<\/p>\n

Par exemple, Clive Wynne raconte qu\u2019il doit e\u0301peler le mot \u201cpromenade\u201d, pluto\u0302t que de le prononcer, de peur que son chien s\u2019imagine aller dehors. Il n\u2019a pas besoin, dit-il, de prendre de telles pre\u0301cautions avec des humains dont la compre\u0301hension du mot va au-dela\u0300 de la simple association.<\/p>\n

\u201cPavlov serait-il surpris de ces re\u0301sultats ?\u201d, demande le chercheur, en re\u0301fe\u0301rence au ce\u0301le\u0300bre scientifique russe qui avait de\u0301montre\u0301 que les chiens pouvaient e\u0302tre conditionne\u0301s a\u0300 saliver chaque fois qu\u2019ils entendaient le son d\u2019une cloche indiquant le repas. \u201cJe ne pense pas qu\u2019il le serait\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Nos chiens peuvent-ils comprendre les mots que nous employons ? Une nouvelle e\u0301tude sur les ondes ce\u0301re\u0301brales, publie\u0301e le 22 mars 2024 dans Current Biology, sugge\u0300re que le fait d\u2019entendre le nom de leurs jouets pre\u0301fe\u0301re\u0301s active chez eux la me\u0301moire des objets auxquels ils sont associe\u0301s. \u201cCela nous […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":12681,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-12682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nLes chiens comprennent bien les mots plut\u00f4t que le ton employ\u00e9, selon une \u00e9tude - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nos chiens peuvent-ils comprendre les mots que nous employons ? 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