{"id":12947,"date":"2024-04-12T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/on-sait-enfin-comment-lovule-se-referme-pour-naccepter-quun-spermatozoide"},"modified":"2024-04-13T04:56:07","modified_gmt":"2024-04-13T04:56:07","slug":"on-sait-enfin-comment-lovule-se-referme-pour-naccepter-quun-spermatozoide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-sait-enfin-comment-lovule-se-referme-pour-naccepter-quun-spermatozoide","title":{"rendered":"On sait enfin comment l\u2019ovule se referme pour n\u2019accepter qu\u2019un spermatozo\u00efde"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Ils sont des millions de spermatozoi\u0308des au de\u0301part, mais seulement l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux pourra fusionner avec l\u2019ovule. Une limite essentielle pour s\u2019assurer que le futur embryon ait uniquement deux copies de chaque chromosome. En effet, chaque game\u0300te (le spermatozoi\u0308de et l\u2019ovule) est haploi\u0308de, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire qu\u2019il a une seule copie de chacun des 23 chromosomes dont est compose\u0301 le ge\u0301nome humain.<\/p>\n

Avec la fe\u0301condation, ils donnent donc une paire de chacun de ses chromosomes au zygote (qui est donc diploi\u0308de), qui donnera en suite l\u2019embryon. Si par erreur, il se retrouve avec plus de chromosomes (polyploi\u0308die), l\u2019embryon n\u2019est pas viable et meurt avant la naissance, sauf quelques exceptions (telle que la trisomie 21). Il est donc vital pour l\u2019ovule d\u2019empe\u0302cher l\u2019entre\u0301e de plus d\u2019un spermatozoi\u0308de. Le me\u0301canisme pour l\u2019e\u0301viter vient d\u2019e\u0302tre de\u0301voile\u0301 par des chercheurs de l\u2019Institut Karolinska en Sue\u0300de et de l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019Osaka au Japon, dans un article publie\u0301 le 14 mars 2024 dans la revue Cell.<\/p>\n

La membrane de l\u2019ovule durcit apre\u0300s l\u2019entre\u0301e du premier spermatozoi\u0308de<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019ovule est entoure\u0301 par une barrie\u0300re protectrice nomme\u0301e zone pellucide, compose\u0301e par de glycoprote\u0301ines (un assemblage de prote\u0301ines et sucres). L\u2019une de ces glycoprote\u0301ines est ZP2 (pour \u201czone pellucide 2\u201d), qui est clive\u0301e apre\u0300s la fusion du spermatozoi\u0308de avec l\u2019ovule. Auparavant, l\u2019hypothe\u0300se e\u0301tait que le clivage de cette prote\u0301ine apre\u0300s la fe\u0301condation empe\u0302chait les autres spermatozoi\u0308des de la reconnai\u0302tre, et donc de s\u2019accrocher a\u0300 l\u2019ovule. Mais cette nouvelle e\u0301tude montre que le clivage de ZP2 entraine la rigidification de la zone pellucide. Et que c\u2019est cette modification irre\u0301versible de cette barrie\u0300re qui bloque l\u2019entre\u0301e de nouveaux spermatozoi\u0308des.<\/p>\n

Pour comprendre comment se fait ce durcissement, les auteurs ont regarde\u0301 ZP2 de (tre\u0300s) pre\u0300s par cristallographie, a\u0300 une re\u0301solution de 2,7 A\u030a (a\u030angstro\u0308m, qui correspond a\u0300 10\u221210 me\u0300tre, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire 1 dixie\u0300me de milliardie\u0300me de me\u0300tre). Mettant en e\u0301vidence que cette prote\u0301ine prend la forme d\u2019un V. Et que son clivage expose une partie de la prote\u0301ine qui reconnai\u0302t et se colle a\u0300 une autre ZP2 clive\u0301e, formant un dime\u0300re. Ensuite, ce dime\u0300re interagit avec un autre dime\u0300re e\u0301quivalent, formant des te\u0301trame\u0300res (des macromole\u0301cules compose\u0301es de 4 copies de la prote\u0301ine). Et ces te\u0301trame\u0300res s\u2019alignent, formant des filaments, qui interagissent avec des filaments produits par d\u2019autres glycoprote\u0301ines. Ensemble, ces filaments se collent a\u0300 la manie\u0300re des fermetures e\u0301clair, rapprochant toutes ces glycoprote\u0301ines les uns des autres sept fois plus que lorsque ZP2 n\u2019est pas clive\u0301. Cette proximite\u0301 accrue rigidifie la zone pellucide, cre\u0301ant une barrie\u0300re infranchissable pour d\u2019autres spermatozoi\u0308des.<\/p>\n

Une connaissance qui explique certains cas d\u2019infertilite\u0301<\/b><\/p>\n

Certains cas d\u2019infertilite\u0301 sont associe\u0301s a\u0300 des mutations dans les ge\u0300nes qui codent pour ces prote\u0301ines de la zone pellucide. Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 cette e\u0301tude, l\u2019impact de ces mutations est enfin connu: elles empe\u0302chent l\u2019interaction entre les filaments forme\u0301s par ces glycoprote\u0301ines. L\u2019ovule ne se ferme plus aussi efficacement apre\u0300s la fe\u0301condation par un premier spermatozoi\u0308de, permettant l\u2019entre\u0301e d\u2019autres et causant une polyploi\u0308die, ce qui rend l\u2019embryon non viable. \u201cOn de\u0301couvre de plus en plus ce type de mutations qui affectent les prote\u0301ines de la barrie\u0300re de l\u2019ovule et qui entrainent une infertilite\u0301 fe\u0301minine, de\u0301voile dans un communique\u0301 Luca Jovine, spe\u0301cialiste de ces prote\u0301ines de la zone pellucide a\u0300 l\u2019Institut Karolinska et auteur de l\u2019e\u0301tude. Nous espe\u0301rons que notre e\u0301tude pourra aider a\u0300 un meilleur diagnostic de ces cas d\u2019infertilite\u0301.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Ils sont des millions de spermatozoi\u0308des au de\u0301part, mais seulement l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux pourra fusionner avec l\u2019ovule. Une limite essentielle pour s\u2019assurer que le futur embryon ait uniquement deux copies de chaque chromosome. En effet, chaque game\u0300te (le spermatozoi\u0308de et l\u2019ovule) est haploi\u0308de, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire qu\u2019il a une seule copie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":12946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-12947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nOn sait enfin comment l\u2019ovule se referme pour n\u2019accepter qu\u2019un spermatozo\u00efde - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ils sont des millions de spermatozoi\u0308des au de\u0301part, mais seulement l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux pourra fusionner avec l\u2019ovule. 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