{"id":12957,"date":"2024-04-12T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/allosaure-le-fossile-de-reference-de-ce-dinosaure-vient-de-changer-apres-14-ans-dattente"},"modified":"2024-04-13T05:09:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-13T05:09:42","slug":"allosaure-le-fossile-de-reference-de-ce-dinosaure-vient-de-changer-apres-14-ans-dattente","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/allosaure-le-fossile-de-reference-de-ce-dinosaure-vient-de-changer-apres-14-ans-dattente","title":{"rendered":"Allosaure : le fossile de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de ce dinosaure vient de changer, apr\u00e8s 14 ans d\u2019attente"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Un passage de relais pale\u0301ontologique clo\u0302t une histoire vieille de plus d\u2019un sie\u0300cle: depuis le mois d\u2019avril 2024, le squelette fossile connu sous la de\u0301nomination USNM V 4734, et conserve\u0301 par le Muse\u0301e d\u2019histoire naturelle Smithsonian, a\u0300 Washington (Etats-Unis), est devenu officiellement le spe\u0301cimen type de l\u2019espe\u0300ce Allosaurus fragilis. Qui est elle-me\u0302me l\u2019espe\u0300ce type du genre Allosaurus, de gros dinosaures the\u0301ropodes carnivores qui vivaient il y a 155 a\u0300 145 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es en Ame\u0301rique du Nord et en Europe.<\/p>\n

Un fossile d\u2019Allosaurus tre\u0300s partiel<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019histoire d\u2019Allosaurus remonte a\u0300 \u201cla guerre des os\u201d, une vive compe\u0301tition qui a fait rage a\u0300 la fin du 19e sie\u0300cle entre Othniel Charles Marsh et Edward Drinker Cope, deux pale\u0301ontologues renomme\u0301s. Chacun voulait identifier et nommer le plus de dinosaures fossiles de l\u2019Ouest Ame\u0301ricain. C\u2019est dans ce contexte que le premier a de\u0301couvert en 1877 quelques verte\u0300bres, un orteil et une dent dans la formation Morrison, au nord de Canon City au Colorado, dans une jolie petite valle\u0301e appele\u0301e Garden Park.<\/p>\n

Parce que les verte\u0300bres semblaient diffe\u0301rentes de celles des autres dinosaures connus a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301poque, il a baptise\u0301 ce nouveau spe\u0301cimen du nom de genre Allosaurus (qui signifie le\u0301zard diffe\u0301rent, en grec) et du nom d\u2019espe\u0300ce fragilis en raison du petit nombre et de la fragilite\u0301 apparente des restes retrouve\u0301s. Ceux-ci sont de\u0301sormais expose\u0301s au muse\u0301e Yale Peabody, de l\u2019Universite\u0301 Yale a\u0300 New Haven, sous le nume\u0301ro 1930. Ladite universite\u0301 ayant e\u0301te\u0301 fonde\u0301e par George Peabody, l\u2019oncle d\u2019Othniel Charles Marsh.<\/p>\n

Parce que Marsh a nomme\u0301 le premier A.fragilis, son fossile est devenu le spe\u0301cimen holotype de l\u2019espe\u0300ce, celui qui sert a\u0300 e\u0301tablir des comparaisons avec d\u2019autres fossiles pense\u0301s pour faire partie de la me\u0302me espe\u0300ce et plus globalement pour e\u0301tudier l\u2019anatomie et la phyloge\u0301nie du genre Allosaurus, une de\u0301marche courante en pale\u0301ontologie. \u201cLe proble\u0300me est que ce fossile est tre\u0300s partiel et ne fournit que de peu de renseignements anatomiques sur ce taxon\u201d, explique a\u0300 Sciences et Avenir le pale\u0301ontologue Gregory S. Paul qui a de\u0301pose\u0301 en 2010, avec Kenneth Carpenter, directeur du Muse\u0301e Pre\u0301historique de l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019E\u0301tat de l\u2019Utah-Eastern, une pe\u0301tition pour changer cet e\u0301tat de fait.<\/p>\n

Un nouveau squelette bien plus complet<\/b><\/p>\n

Car, a\u0300 peine quelques anne\u0301es apre\u0300s la de\u0301couverte des premiers restes d\u2019A.fragilis, un squelette bien plus complet a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301couvert par un des associe\u0301s de Marsh. Il lui a e\u0301te\u0301 expe\u0301die\u0301 mais il n\u2019a pas pu e\u0302tre e\u0301tudie\u0301 par ce dernier, de\u0301ce\u0301de\u0301 en 1899. Une partie de sa collection, dont ce pre\u0301cieux fossile (catalogue\u0301 comme USNM V 4734), a e\u0301te\u0301 rapatrie\u0301e au Muse\u0301e Smithsonian et le spe\u0301cimen a finalement e\u0301te\u0301 e\u0301tudie\u0301 en 1930 par Charles Gilmore, un pale\u0301ontologue du muse\u0301e. Cette e\u0301tude a eu un certain retentissement dans la communaute\u0301 et a contribue\u0301 a\u0300 faire mieux connai\u0302tre l\u2019Allosaurus. Depuis, il fait office de re\u0301fe\u0301rence officieuse mais il manquait une certification officielle.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

C\u2019est pour cela que la pe\u0301tition a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301pose\u0301e, en 2010, a\u0300 la Commission internationale de nomenclature zoologique, pour faire d\u2019USNM V 4734, le nouveau fossile de re\u0301fe\u0301rence, le ne\u0301otype. Il a donc fallu 14 ans de plus pour que ce changement soit enfin accepte\u0301: \u201cl\u2019espe\u0300ce A. fragilis est de\u0301sormais bien de\u0301finie par le ne\u0301otype\u201d se re\u0301jouit Gregory S. Paul. Il reste de\u0301sormais a\u0300 savoir si tous les dinosaures recense\u0301s comme appartenant a\u0300 cette espe\u0300ce lui correspondent vraiment. Il existe certaines diffe\u0301rences anatomiques entre les nombreux squelettes connus \u201cmais nous ne savons pas encore s\u2019il s\u2019agit de cas de dimorphisme sexuel ou s\u2019ils appartiennent a\u0300 d\u2019autres espe\u0300ces d\u2019Allosaurus\u201d, re\u0301sume le scientifique.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Un passage de relais pale\u0301ontologique clo\u0302t une histoire vieille de plus d\u2019un sie\u0300cle: depuis le mois d\u2019avril 2024, le squelette fossile connu sous la de\u0301nomination USNM V 4734, et conserve\u0301 par le Muse\u0301e d\u2019histoire naturelle Smithsonian, a\u0300 Washington (Etats-Unis), est devenu officiellement le spe\u0301cimen type de l\u2019espe\u0300ce Allosaurus fragilis. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":12955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-12957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nAllosaure : le fossile de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de ce dinosaure vient de changer, apr\u00e8s 14 ans d\u2019attente - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un passage de relais pale\u0301ontologique clo\u0302t une histoire vieille de plus d\u2019un sie\u0300cle: depuis le mois d\u2019avril 2024, le s ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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