{"id":13036,"date":"2024-04-19T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/le-telescope-spatial-europeen-gaia-debusque-un-trou-noir-atypique-dans-la-voie-lactee"},"modified":"2024-04-20T06:07:29","modified_gmt":"2024-04-20T06:07:29","slug":"le-telescope-spatial-europeen-gaia-debusque-un-trou-noir-atypique-dans-la-voie-lactee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/le-telescope-spatial-europeen-gaia-debusque-un-trou-noir-atypique-dans-la-voie-lactee","title":{"rendered":"Le t\u00e9lescope spatial europ\u00e9en Gaia d\u00e9busque un trou noir atypique dans la Voie lact\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Baptise\u0301 Gaia BH3, l\u2019objet est situe\u0301 a\u0300 2000 anne\u0301es-lumie\u0300re de la Terre et a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301couvert \u00abpar hasard\u00bb. La masse de ce trou noir, ve\u0301ritable mastodonte, est la plus importante jamais observe\u0301e dans notre galaxie.<\/p>\n

Le te\u0301lescope spatial europe\u0301en Gaia, de\u0301die\u0301 a\u0300 la cartographie de la Voie lacte\u0301e, a de\u0301couvert un trou noir d\u2019une masse record, de 33 fois celle du Soleil: du jamais vu dans notre galaxie, indique une e\u0301tude parue mardi.<\/p>\n

L\u2019objet baptise\u0301 Gaia BH3, situe\u0301 a\u0300 2000 anne\u0301es-lumie\u0300re de la Terre, dans la constellation de l\u2019Aigle, appartient a\u0300 la famille des trous noirs stellaires qui re\u0301sultent de l\u2019effondrement d\u2019e\u0301toiles massives en fin de vie. Ils sont incomparablement plus petits que les trous noirs supermassifs loge\u0301s au c\u0153ur des galaxies, dont le sce\u0301nario de formation n\u2019est pas connu.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Une e\u0301toile qui tournait autour d\u2019un compagnon invisible\u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u2019est \u00abpar hasard\u00bb que Gaia BH3 a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301niche\u0301, raconte a\u0300 l\u2019AFP Pasquale Panuzzo, chercheur CNRS a\u0300 l\u2019Observatoire de Paris-PSL, principal auteur des travaux publie\u0301s dans Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters. Les scientifiques du consortium Gaia e\u0301taient en train de de\u0301fricher les dernie\u0300res donne\u0301es de la sonde, en vue de la publication du prochain catalogue en 2025, lorsqu\u2019ils sont tombe\u0301s sur un syste\u0300me d\u2019e\u0301toiles binaires particulier.<\/p>\n

\u00abOn voyait une e\u0301toile un peu plus petite que le Soleil \u2013 75% de sa masse environ \u2013 et plus brillante, qui tournait autour d\u2019un compagnon invisible\u00bb, repe\u0301rable par les perturbations qu\u2019il lui fait subir, raconte Pasquale Panuzzo, responsable-adjoint du traitement spectroscopique de Gaia.<\/p>\n

Une premie\u0300re en astronomie<\/b><\/p>\n

Le te\u0301lescope spatial donne la position tre\u0300s pre\u0301cise des e\u0301toiles dans le ciel, les astronomes ont donc pu caracte\u0301riser les orbites et mesurer la masse du compagnon invisible de l\u2019e\u0301toile: 33 fois celle du Soleil. Des observations plus pousse\u0301es de te\u0301lescopes au sol ont confirme\u0301 qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait bien d\u2019un trou noir, d\u2019une masse bien plus importante que celle des trous noirs d\u2019origine stellaire de\u0301ja\u0300 connus dans la Voie lacte\u0301e \u2013 entre 10 et 20 masses solaires.<\/p>\n

De tels mastodontes ont de\u0301ja\u0300 e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301tecte\u0301s dans des galaxies lointaines, via les ondes gravitationnelles. Mais \u00abjamais dans la no\u0302tre\u00bb, dit le Dr Panuzzo.<\/p>\n

Une e\u0301toile compagnon vieille de 12 milliards d\u2019anne\u0301es<\/b><\/p>\n

Gaia BH3 est un trou noir \u00abdormant\u00bb: il est trop e\u0301loigne\u0301 de son e\u0301toile compagnon pour lui arracher sa matie\u0300re et n\u2019e\u0301met donc aucun rayonnement X, ce qui rend sa de\u0301tection extre\u0302mement difficile. Le te\u0301lescope Gaia a re\u0301ussi a\u0300 de\u0301busquer les deux premiers trous noirs inactifs (Gaia BH1 et Gaia BH2) de la Voie lacte\u0301e, mais ceux-ci ont des masses standards.<\/p>\n

Contrairement au Soleil, la petite e\u0301toile du syste\u0300me binaire de BH3 est \u00ab tre\u0300s pauvre en e\u0301le\u0301ments plus lourds que l\u2019hydroge\u0300ne et l\u2019he\u0301lium\u00bb, explique l\u2019Observatoire de Paris dans un communique\u0301. \u00ab Selon la the\u0301orie, seules ces e\u0301toiles pauvres en me\u0301taux peuvent former un trou noir aussi massif \u00bb, rele\u0300ve le Dr Panuzzo. L\u2019e\u0301tude sugge\u0300re donc que le \u00ab proge\u0301niteur \u00bb du trou noir e\u0301tait une e\u0301toile massive elle aussi pauvre en me\u0301taux.<\/p>\n

L\u2019e\u0301toile du syste\u0300me, a\u0302ge\u0301e de 12 milliards d\u2019anne\u0301es, \u00ab vieillit tre\u0300s lentement \u00bb, quand celle qui a forme\u0301 le trou noir \u00abn\u2019a ve\u0301cu que 3 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es\u00bb, de\u0301crit-il. \u00abCes e\u0301toiles pauvres en me\u0301taux e\u0301taient tre\u0300s pre\u0301sentes au de\u0301but de la galaxie. Leur e\u0301tude nous donne des informations sur sa formation\u00bb, ajoute le scientifique.<\/p>\n

Dans le sens contraire des autres e\u0301toiles<\/b><\/p>\n

Autre curiosite\u0301 du couple stellaire: dans le disque de la Voie lacte\u0301e, il tourne dans le sens contraire des autres e\u0301toiles. \u00abPeut-e\u0302tre parce que le trou noir se serait forme\u0301 dans une autre galaxie plus petite, qui aurait e\u0301te\u0301 mange\u0301e au de\u0301but de la vie de la Voie lacte\u0301e\u00bb, avance-t-il.<\/p>\n

La sonde Gaia de l\u2019ESA (agence spatiale europe\u0301enne), qui ope\u0300re a\u0300 1,5 million de kilome\u0300tres de la Terre depuis 10 ans, a livre\u0301 en 2022 une carte en 3D des positions et des mouvements de plus d\u20191,8 milliard d\u2019e\u0301toiles.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Baptise\u0301 Gaia BH3, l\u2019objet est situe\u0301 a\u0300 2000 anne\u0301es-lumie\u0300re de la Terre et a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301couvert \u00abpar hasard\u00bb. La masse de ce trou noir, ve\u0301ritable mastodonte, est la plus importante jamais observe\u0301e dans notre galaxie. Le te\u0301lescope spatial europe\u0301en Gaia, de\u0301die\u0301 a\u0300 la cartographie de la Voie lacte\u0301e, a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":13035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-13036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nLe t\u00e9lescope spatial europ\u00e9en Gaia d\u00e9busque un trou noir atypique dans la Voie lact\u00e9e - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Baptise\u0301 Gaia BH3, l\u2019objet est situe\u0301 a\u0300 2000 anne\u0301es-lumie\u0300re de la Terre et a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301couvert \u00abpar hasard\u00bb. 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