{"id":13360,"date":"2024-05-13T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/une-maladie-corallienne-met-en-danger-lequilibre-des-recifs-des-caraibes"},"modified":"2024-05-14T23:15:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T23:15:06","slug":"une-maladie-corallienne-met-en-danger-lequilibre-des-recifs-des-caraibes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/une-maladie-corallienne-met-en-danger-lequilibre-des-recifs-des-caraibes","title":{"rendered":"Une maladie corallienne met en danger l\u2019\u00e9quilibre des r\u00e9cifs des Cara\u00efbes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Une menace plane sur les re\u0301cifs coralliens des Carai\u0308bes. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une maladie qui bouleverse l\u2019e\u0301quilibre de\u0301licat de ces e\u0301cosyste\u0300mes marins. Elle porte le nom de \u201cmaladie corallienne lie\u0301e a\u0300 la perte de tissus\u201d, soit en anglais stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD).<\/p>\n

Cette maladie n\u2019est pas nouvelle. Elle a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301couverte pour la premie\u0300re fois en 2014 au large de la Floride. Depuis lors, elle s\u2019est e\u0301tendue dans l\u2019Atlantique occidental et la quasi-entie\u0300rete\u0301 des Carai\u0308bes, provoquant des ravages parmi les coraux, essentiels pour la diversite\u0301 sous-marine. Elle touche de\u0301sormais plus d\u2019une vingtaine d\u2019espe\u0300ces de coraux.<\/p>\n

Une maladie qui se propage a\u0300 toute vitesse<\/b><\/p>\n

Si les chercheurs e\u0301tudient activement les causes de la maladie et son mode de transmission, les agents pathoge\u0300nes responsables n\u2019ont toujours pas e\u0301te\u0301 identifie\u0301s. Le succe\u0300s des traitements antibiotiques pour soigner les coraux sugge\u0300re qu\u2019il pourrait s\u2019agir d\u2019une ou plusieurs bacte\u0301ries.<\/p>\n

La maladie attaque la surface des coraux, de\u0301truisant tout le tissu vivant sur son passage jusqu\u2019a\u0300 ce qu\u2019il ne reste plus rien. Les coraux infecte\u0301s sont reconnaissables aux taches blanches qui s\u2019e\u0301tendent sur la colonie, entrai\u0302nant la ne\u0301crose du corail.<\/p>\n

Une fois le corail mort, il s\u2019e\u0301rode avec de l\u2019action des vagues. Le processus est tre\u0300s rapide. Ainsi, en quelques semaines ou quelques mois, une colonie de coraux peut comple\u0300tement disparai\u0302tre.<\/p>\n

Une e\u0301tude dirige\u0301e par une e\u0301quipe de chercheurs ame\u0301ricains publie\u0301e le 3 mai dans la revue Sciences Advances re\u0301ve\u0300le que la destruction de la population de coraux lie\u0301e a\u0300 cette maladie menace la biodiversite\u0301 marine.<\/p>\n

Les experts ont analyse\u0301 les donne\u0301es des programmes de conservation coralliens des i\u0302les Vierges ame\u0301ricaines, des Dry Tortugas, de Porto Rico et des re\u0301cifs au large de la Floride. Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 ces informations, ils ont examine\u0301 les effets potentiels de la maladie sur les poissons et les communaute\u0301s marines des re\u0301cifs.<\/p>\n

Les donne\u0301es recueillies re\u0301ve\u0300lent une diminution de 30 a\u0300 60 % de la couverture corallienne dans les re\u0301gions touche\u0301es depuis 2014, pre\u0301cipitant certaines espe\u0300ces de coraux vers l\u2019extinction locale.<\/p>\n

D\u2019ici 10 ans, certains re\u0301cifs perdront jusqu\u2019a\u0300 50% de leurs poissons<\/b><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs estiment que la maladie va modifier les communaute\u0301s marines de manie\u0300re complexe. Si dans 10 ans la population de poissons de certains sites devrait avoir de\u0301cline\u0301 jusqu\u2019a\u0300 50 %, d\u2019autres verront une augmentation de certains poissons herbivores.<\/p>\n

Ce qui explique ces bouleversements, c\u2019est qu\u2019une fois que les coraux ont disparu, certaines espe\u0300ces compe\u0301titives comme les algues, le corail de feu et les cyanobacte\u0301ries prolife\u0300rent. En l\u2019absence de concurrents, elles se re\u0301pandent dans les espaces vacants laisse\u0301s par les coraux de\u0301cime\u0301s, cre\u0301ant un environnement domine\u0301 par les algues.<\/p>\n

L\u2019apparition de ces espe\u0300ces pourrait parai\u0302tre avantageuse, offrant un habitat pour certains herbivores marins ou leur fournissant une source de nourriture. Mais malgre\u0301 cela, elles ne remplissent pas les me\u0302mes fonctions que les coraux solides.<\/p>\n

\u201cLes macroalgues ne favorisent pas autant la biodiversite\u0301 que les coraux parce qu\u2019elles ne cre\u0301ent pas d\u2019habitat solide\u201d, a explique\u0301 dans un communique\u0301 de presse Sara Swaminathan, chercheuse en sciences de l\u2019inge\u0301nierie environnementale a\u0300 l\u2019universite\u0301 de Floride. \u201cElles peuvent e\u0302tre positives pour les herbivores, mais pas pour les autres organismes qui ont besoin d\u2019un endroit pour s\u2019installer et croi\u0302tre, se cacher ou s\u2019accoupler\u201d.<\/p>\n

En effet, les coraux poussent dans des formes complexes, offrant ainsi un habitat propice aux espe\u0300ces animales qui s\u2019y prote\u0300gent et s\u2019y de\u0301veloppent contrairement aux macroalgues.<\/p>\n

Les re\u0301cifs coralliens sont en danger depuis quelques anne\u0301es<\/b><\/p>\n

Cette maladie vient s\u2019ajouter a\u0300 une liste de\u0301ja\u0300 longue de menaces qui pe\u0300sent sur les re\u0301cifs coralliens. Les e\u0301pisodes re\u0301currents de blanchissement du\u0302 au re\u0301chauffement climatique, ainsi que d\u2019autres maladies marines, ont de\u0301ja\u0300 fragilise\u0301 ces e\u0301cosyste\u0300mes.<\/p>\n

Et les conse\u0301quences de cette maladie vont bien au-dela\u0300 de la perte de biodiversite\u0301 marine. Les re\u0301cifs coralliens jouent un ro\u0302le crucial dans la protection des co\u0302tes contre les tempe\u0302tes et les ouragans.<\/p>\n

La re\u0301silience naturelle de certains coraux offre cependant un mince rayon d\u2019espoir pour la restauration des re\u0301cifs. L\u2019e\u0301quipe de chercheurs a estime\u0301 qu\u2019au bout de 10 ans, les coraux sensibles a\u0300 la maladie auront diminue\u0301 d\u2019environ 97% dans les Carai\u0308bes, les coraux re\u0301sistants a\u0300 la maladie pourraient augmenter d\u2019environ 46%.<\/p>\n

Des efforts de recherche et de surveillance intensifs sont en cours pour comprendre et combattre la maladie. Les probiotiques se sont re\u0301ve\u0301le\u0301s prometteurs pour ralentir ou arre\u0302ter les le\u0301sions actives. Jusqu\u2019a\u0300 pre\u0301sent, la maladie ne s\u2019est pas propage\u0301e au-dela\u0300 de l\u2019Atlantique occidental et des Carai\u0308bes.<\/p>\n

La poursuite de la surveillance dans les Carai\u0308bes permettra de de\u0301terminer si ces tendances se poursuivent dans le temps ou si elles atteignent d\u2019autres e\u0301quilibres. Les re\u0301cifs les plus touche\u0301s, ou ceux qui risquent d\u2019e\u0302tre touche\u0301s a\u0300 l\u2019avenir, pourraient tirer le meilleur parti d\u2019une restauration avec des espe\u0300ces coralliennes re\u0301sistantes.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Une menace plane sur les re\u0301cifs coralliens des Carai\u0308bes. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une maladie qui bouleverse l\u2019e\u0301quilibre de\u0301licat de ces e\u0301cosyste\u0300mes marins. Elle porte le nom de \u201cmaladie corallienne lie\u0301e a\u0300 la perte de tissus\u201d, soit en anglais stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD). Cette maladie n\u2019est pas nouvelle. Elle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":13359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-13360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nUne maladie corallienne met en danger l\u2019\u00e9quilibre des r\u00e9cifs des Cara\u00efbes - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une menace plane sur les re\u0301cifs coralliens des Carai\u0308bes. 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