{"id":3491,"date":"2022-06-25T18:51:37","date_gmt":"2022-06-25T18:51:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/chili-le-plus-grand-telescope-au-monde-se-dresse-un-peu-plus-pres-des-etoiles"},"modified":"2022-06-25T19:04:22","modified_gmt":"2022-06-25T19:04:22","slug":"chili-le-plus-grand-telescope-au-monde-se-dresse-un-peu-plus-pres-des-etoiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/photo\/chili-le-plus-grand-telescope-au-monde-se-dresse-un-peu-plus-pres-des-etoiles","title":{"rendered":"Chili: le plus grand t\u00e9lescope au monde se dresse un peu plus pr\u00e8s des \u00e9toiles"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>L’Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), le plus puissant instrument optique jamais construit qui augmentera consid\u00e9rablement la capacit\u00e9 d’observation des astronomes, sort lentement de terre dans le nord du Chili, un des endroits les plus propices pour se tourner vers les \u00e9toiles.<\/p>\n

Ce nouvel \u00ab\u00a0\u0153il sur le ciel\u00a0\u00bb, qui viendra s’ajouter \u00e0 partir de 2027 aux puissants instruments d’observation d\u00e9j\u00e0 en service dans le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama, permettra de multiplier par 5.000 la capacit\u00e9 d’observation actuelle, et de pointer le regard vers des lieux jusqu’alors inconnus pour r\u00e9pondre aux questions encore ouvertes sur les origines de l’Univers.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il y a certaines questions scientifiques auxquelles nous aimerions r\u00e9pondre et ces questions induisent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une technologie qui nous aide \u00e0 y r\u00e9pondre\u00a0\u00bb, explique \u00e0 l’AFP l’astronome chilien Luis Chavarria, de l’Observatoire europ\u00e9en austral (ESO) qui finance la construction de l’ELT.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’astronomie travaille toujours \u00e0 la limite de la technologie, \u00e0 la limite de la d\u00e9tection, \u00e0 la limite de tout ce que ces merveilleux instruments peuvent fournir\u00a0\u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n

Les instruments d’observation actuels, tels que le Very Large Telescope (VLT) – l’instrument le plus puissant actuellement en service – et l’ALMA, le plus grand radiot\u00e9lescope du monde, tous deux situ\u00e9s dans le nord du Chili, sont capables de r\u00e9pondre aux questions que les scientifiques se posaient il y a trois d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n

Mais les limites de la connaissance ont \u00e9t\u00e9 repouss\u00e9es, obligeant la construction d’instruments encore plus performants, comme l’ELT, qui sera install\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 3.000 m\u00e8tres d’altitude sur la colline d’Armazones, \u00e0 une vingtaine de kilom\u00e8tres du VLT, propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l’ESO au beau milieu du d\u00e9sert.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Descriptif et localisation de l’Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) de l’ESO, qui sera le plus grand t\u00e9lescope au monde pour la lumi\u00e8re visible et infrarouge ( AFP \/ )<\/p>\n

L’ELT, dont la construction a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 2017, sera compos\u00e9 d’un miroir primaire de 39 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre, compos\u00e9 de 798 petits miroirs hexagonaux. Il sera log\u00e9 dans un \u00e9norme d\u00f4me h\u00e9misph\u00e9rique de 85 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre qui culminera \u00e0 74 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du sol. Deux portes de forme arrondie s’ouvriront lat\u00e9ralement pour permettre les observations la nuit.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0C’est un immense exploit technologique que de pouvoir disposer des niveaux de pr\u00e9cision n\u00e9cessaires pour pouvoir utiliser ces t\u00e9lescopes au maximum (…), quelque chose qui repousse les barri\u00e8res de la technologie\u00a0\u00bb, s’enthousiasme Luis Chavarria.<\/p>\n

– \u00ab\u00a0Image 15 fois plus nettes\u00a0\u00bb –<\/p>\n

Le co\u00fbt de construction de l’\u00e9norme ensemble de 2.800 tonnes est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 1,3 milliard d’euros.<\/p>\n

La phase des \u00ab\u00a0grands travaux de g\u00e9nie civil\u00a0\u00bb est pour l’heure achev\u00e9e \u00e0 40%, avec la construction du mur d’enceinte soutenant le d\u00f4me qui supportera le panneau miroir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Le mont Cerro Armazones o\u00f9 l’Extremely Large Telescope est en cours de construction, dans le d\u00e9sert d’Atacama, le 20 juin 2022 au Chili ( AFP \/ Martin BERNETTI )<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’ELT est l’\u00e9volution du VLT (…) Il est \u00e9vident que c’est une \u00e9chelle compl\u00e8tement diff\u00e9rente de tout ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait auparavant, donc il a des exigences (technologiques) tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes\u00a0\u00bb, d’o\u00f9 la dur\u00e9e n\u00e9cessaire aux travaux, a expliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l’AFP Guido Veccia, responsable du site.<\/p>\n

Les t\u00e9lescopes optiques actuels, d’un diam\u00e8tre de 8 \u00e0 10 m\u00e8tres, ont surtout permis aux scientifiques de d\u00e9couvrir les exoplan\u00e8tes, ces plan\u00e8tes en orbite autour d’autres \u00e9toiles o\u00f9 se concentrent les recherches de traces de vie.<\/p>\n

Mais pour approfondir leur connaissance, il faut des instruments d’observation plus pr\u00e9cis, donc plus grands, capables de recueillir une plus grande quantit\u00e9 de lumi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Avec son diam\u00e8tre de 39 m\u00e8tres, l’ELT \u00ab\u00a0recueillera 15 fois plus de lumi\u00e8re que les t\u00e9lescopes optiques aujourd’hui en fonction et fournira des images 15 fois plus nettes que celles du t\u00e9lescope spatial Hubble\u00a0\u00bb, selon l’ESO, organisation intergouvernementale pour l’astronomie en Europe, financ\u00e9 annuellement \u00e0 hauteur de 198 millions d’euros par 16 pays europ\u00e9ens membres.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0C’est un projet d’avenir qui nous permettra d’atteindre d’autres distances dans l’Univers\u00a0\u00bb, indique Susy Solis, g\u00e9ologue et assistante technique pour la construction de l’ELT.<\/p>\n

Les caract\u00e9ristiques climatiques du d\u00e9sert d’Atacama et son temps aride, qui permettent des observations dans un ciel parfaitement clair une tr\u00e8s forte proportion (90%) de nuits de l’ann\u00e9e, en font un lieu particuli\u00e8rement propice aux observations astronomiques.<\/p>\n

L’un de ses objectifs ultimes sera, selon ESO, d’avoir des images \u00ab\u00a0des exoplan\u00e8tes rocheuses pour caract\u00e9riser leurs atmosph\u00e8res et mesurer directement l’acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de l’expansion de l’Univers\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. L’Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), le plus puissant instrument optique jamais construit qui augmentera consid\u00e9rablement la capacit\u00e9 d’observation des astronomes, sort lentement de terre dans le nord du Chili, un des endroits les plus propices pour se tourner vers les \u00e9toiles. Ce nouvel \u00ab\u00a0\u0153il sur le ciel\u00a0\u00bb, qui viendra s’ajouter […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":3490,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,8,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-3491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-photo","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nChili: le plus grand t\u00e9lescope au monde se dresse un peu plus pr\u00e8s des \u00e9toiles - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), le plus puissant instrument optique jamais construit qui augmentera consid\u00e9rablement ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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