{"id":797,"date":"2020-12-29T00:09:54","date_gmt":"2020-12-29T00:09:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.com\/sao-tome-e-principe\/?p=797"},"modified":"2020-12-28T23:03:01","modified_gmt":"2020-12-28T23:03:01","slug":"un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre","title":{"rendered":"un commerce ext\u00e9rieur en qu\u00eate d\u2019\u00e9quilibre"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>Riz, viande, huile, boissons, p\u00e9trole, biens d\u2019\u00e9quipement\u2026 \u00c0 S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9, on importe tout ou presque, et n\u2019exporte que tr\u00e8s peu. Comment faire pencher la balance du bon c\u00f4t\u00e9 ?<\/p>\n

dans ce dossier Voir tout le sommaire S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00ecncipe : grandeur nature S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00edncipe, un jardin extraordinaire
\nS\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00ecncipe : le changement, c’est tout le temps<\/p>\n

Le constat est simple. S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00edncipe n\u2019a pas grand-chose \u00e0 exporter, que ce soit en mati\u00e8re de volume ou de produits \u2013 il s\u2019agit alors \u00e0 80 % de cacao sec, de chocolat, de caf\u00e9 et de poivre. En revanche, l\u2019archipel importe quantit\u00e9 de marchandises de toute sorte. R\u00e9sultat, sa balance commerciale est structurellement et largement d\u00e9ficitaire.<\/p>\n

De fortes importations concentr\u00e9es dans l\u2019agroalimentaire et les produits p\u00e9troliers<\/b><\/p>\n

En 2015, les exportations ont atteint 9 millions de dollars (environ 8,2 millions d\u2019euros) et les importations, 127,5 millions, indique la Banque centrale. Soit un solde d\u00e9ficitaire de 118,5 millions\u2026<\/p>\n

Les importations ? Ce sont essentiellement des produits alimentaires (30 % du total), la moiti\u00e9 de ce poste \u00e9tant constitu\u00e9e des boissons. Suivent le riz, devenu la base de l\u2019alimentation des Santom\u00e9ens, la viande et l\u2019huile. Deuxi\u00e8me poste, les produits p\u00e9troliers (21 %), en provenance d\u2019Angola surtout, puis les biens d\u2019\u00e9quipement (13 %) : machines, v\u00e9hicules, mat\u00e9riels informatique, \u00e9lectronique et \u00e9lectrique\u2026<\/p>\n

C\u00f4t\u00e9 exportations, les ventes de cacao augmentent en volume depuis quatre ans. Celles de caf\u00e9 et de poivre \u00e9galement, dans une moindre mesure, ce qui correspond \u00e0 une hausse de la production. Elles restent toutefois limit\u00e9es \u00e0 des march\u00e9s de niche .<\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9ficit de sa balance courante, le pays compte aussi sur l\u2019essor des exportations de poisson et sur le d\u00e9veloppement du tourisme, en attendant que la prospection p\u00e9troli\u00e8re porte ses fruits. Pour all\u00e9ger sa facture alimentaire, il tente par ailleurs de r\u00e9duire l\u2019importation de certaines denr\u00e9es en leur substituant des produits locaux, comme l\u2019huile de palme, dont il relance la production.<\/p>\n

Selon la Banque centrale, les pays europ\u00e9ens sont rest\u00e9s les principaux clients de l\u2019archipel en 2015 : Pays-Bas (36 %), Belgique (24 %), Espagne (10 %), France et Portugal (5 % chacun). Son premier client africain est l\u2019Angola (2 %). Ses principaux fournisseurs ? Le Portugal (56 %, contre 61,4 % en 2014) et l\u2019Angola (25 %), suivis de loin par la Chine (3 %, soit + 30 % par rapport \u00e0 2014), le Japon et le Gabon (2 % chacun).<\/p>\n

Bien que S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00edncipe soit membre de la Communaut\u00e9 \u00e9conomique des \u00c9tats de l\u2019Afrique centrale (Ceeac) et situ\u00e9e dans le golfe de Guin\u00e9e, le commerce intrar\u00e9gional (notamment avec le Nigeria, le Togo et le Cameroun) demeure marginal.<\/p>\n

VIEUX PARTENAIRES, NOUVEAUX AMIS<\/b><\/p>\n

Partenaires traditionnels de S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00edncipe en raison de l\u2019histoire qui les lie, les Portugais y sont implant\u00e9s dans de nombreux secteurs, comme le commerce, la banque, le BTP et le tourisme. Plus r\u00e9cemment, les Suisses, avec d\u2019autres partenaires europ\u00e9ens, ont investi dans le cacao.<\/p>\n

Par le truchement du groupe luxembourgeois Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 financi\u00e8re des caoutchoucs (Socfin), Belges et Fran\u00e7ais ont pris pied dans la fili\u00e8re huile de palme. Les Sud-Africains et les N\u00e9erlandais renforcent, eux, leur pr\u00e9sence dans le secteur du tourisme.<\/p>\n

Proximit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique et partage d\u2019une m\u00eame langue obligent, les Angolais sont de plus en plus actifs dans le secteur bancaire, les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications et surtout les hydrocarbures (prospection et distribution), domaine qui int\u00e9resse aussi les Am\u00e9ricains et les Nig\u00e9rians.<\/p>\n

Quant aux Gabonais et aux Camerounais, ils sont pr\u00e9sents dans les services (commerce et banque). Enfin, outre l\u2019exploration p\u00e9troli\u00e8re, o\u00f9 Sinopec se montre actif, la Chine fait une perc\u00e9e dans le BTP. Une mani\u00e8re de voler \u00e0 la vedette \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan, son ennemi jur\u00e9 ? Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat que porte P\u00e9kin \u00e0 l\u2019archipel, S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00edncipe reste en effet l\u2019un des trois derniers pays du continent \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre \u00ab l\u2019\u00eele rebelle \u00bb. Depuis l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de relations bilat\u00e9rales, en 1997, Taipei accro\u00eet r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement son aide (15 millions de dollars en 2016).<\/p>\n

Les investissements directs \u00e9trangers (IDE) sont, quant \u00e0 eux, pass\u00e9s de 11 millions de dollars en 2013 \u00e0 20 millions en 2014 (en flux entrant). \u00ab Notre lib\u00e9ralisation \u00e9conomique suscite de plus en plus l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des investisseurs \u00e9trangers, souligne Wilson Celestino Bragan\u00e7a, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Planification. Nous voulons diversifier nos partenariats et nous ouvrir aux pays \u00e9mergents, comme la Turquie, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l\u2019Inde, la Chine et le Br\u00e9sil \u00bb. Secteurs prioritaires ? Les transports, l\u2019agroalimentaire, la p\u00eache, le tourisme, les t\u00e9l\u00e9coms et le num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe. Riz, viande, huile, boissons, p\u00e9trole, biens d\u2019\u00e9quipement\u2026 \u00c0 S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9, on importe tout ou presque, et n\u2019exporte que tr\u00e8s peu. Comment faire pencher la balance du bon c\u00f4t\u00e9 ? dans ce dossier Voir tout le sommaire S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00ecncipe : grandeur nature S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00edncipe, un jardin extraordinaire S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9-et-Pr\u00ecncipe : […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":796,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-and-principe","tag-sao-tome-and-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nun commerce ext\u00e9rieur en qu\u00eate d\u2019\u00e9quilibre - S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Riz, viande, huile, boissons, p\u00e9trole, biens d\u2019\u00e9quipement\u2026 \u00c0 S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9, on importe tout ou presque, et n\u2019exporte que tr\u00e8s ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"un commerce ext\u00e9rieur en qu\u00eate d\u2019\u00e9quilibre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Riz, viande, huile, boissons, p\u00e9trole, biens d\u2019\u00e9quipement\u2026 \u00c0 S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9, on importe tout ou presque, et n\u2019exporte que tr\u00e8s ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-29T00:09:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/centrafricaine\/sites\/59\/2020\/12\/img-5fea5f62d32df.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"320\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"un commerce ext\u00e9rieur en qu\u00eate d\u2019\u00e9quilibre\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-29T00:09:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre\"},\"wordCount\":804,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/centrafricaine\/sites\/59\/2020\/12\/img-5fea5f62d32df.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe\",\"S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u00c9conomie\",\"homepage-french\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/economie\/un-commerce-exterieur-en-quete-dequilibre\",\"name\":\"un commerce ext\u00e9rieur en qu\u00eate d\u2019\u00e9quilibre - 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