{"id":8938,"date":"2023-09-18T21:46:57","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T21:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/politique\/la-nasa-sapprete-a-recuperer-250-grammes-de-matiere-extraterrestre"},"modified":"2023-09-18T23:05:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T23:05:06","slug":"la-nasa-sapprete-a-recuperer-250-grammes-de-matiere-extraterrestre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/sao-tome-e-principe\/toutes-les-actualites\/la-nasa-sapprete-a-recuperer-250-grammes-de-matiere-extraterrestre","title":{"rendered":"La Nasa s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer 250 grammes de mati\u00e8re extraterrestre"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. <\/strong><\/span>Apre\u0300s un voyage de pre\u0300s de sept ans dans l\u2019espace, la sonde de la Nasa OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer) s\u2019appre\u0302te a\u0300 revenir sur Terre avec sa pre\u0301cieuse cargaison : des e\u0301chantillons de poussie\u0300res et de roches pre\u0301leve\u0301s a\u0300 plus de 300 millions de kilome\u0300tres de notre plane\u0300te sur l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de Be\u0301nou. Riche en mine\u0301raux hydrate\u0301s et en mole\u0301cules organiques, cet objet rocheux de type carbone\u0301, d\u2019environ 500 me\u0300tres de diame\u0300tre, est cense\u0301 refle\u0301ter la composition du Syste\u0300me solaire tel qu\u2019il s\u2019est constitue\u0301 il y a 4,6 milliards d\u2019anne\u0301es. \u201cCes e\u0301chantillons devraient fournir un aperc\u0327u du ro\u0302le que des aste\u0301roi\u0308des similaires ont joue\u0301 dans la formation des plane\u0300tes et dans l\u2019apport de matie\u0300re organique et d\u2019eau a\u0300 la Terre, qui eux-me\u0302mes auraient conduit finalement a\u0300 la vie\u201d, pre\u0301cise l\u2019Agence spatiale ame\u0301ricaine. Les donne\u0301es collecte\u0301es sur ce ge\u0301ocroiseur aideront aussi les scientifiques \u201ca\u0300 mieux comprendre les aste\u0301roi\u0308des qui pourraient entrer en collision avec notre plane\u0300te et pre\u0301parer les futurs efforts visant a\u0300 les de\u0301vier.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ellipse d\u2019atterrissage<\/b><\/p>\n

Le retour sur Terre est pre\u0301vu le 24 septembre 2023. La capsule contenant les e\u0301chantillons sera largue\u0301e par la sonde OSIRIS-REx quatre heures avant qu\u2019elle n\u2019atteigne le sol, le vaisseau poursuivant ensuite son pe\u0301riple vers un autre ge\u0301ocroiseur, Apophis, qu\u2019il e\u0301tudiera en 2029 lorsque celui-ci \u00ab fro\u0302lera \u00bb notre plane\u0300te a\u0300 seulement 10% de la distance Terre-Lune.<\/p>\n

La capsule doit se se\u0301parer de la sonde a\u0300 12h42 (heure de Paris) et entrera dans l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re terrestre a\u0300 16h42 ou\u0300 elle sera freine\u0301e gra\u0302ce a\u0300 son bouclier thermique et ses deux parachutes jusqu\u2019a\u0300 atteindre une vitesse d\u2019environ 15 km\/h lors du contact au sol pre\u0301vu 13 minutes apre\u0300s. L\u2019atterrissage s\u2019effectuera a\u0300 une centaine de kilome\u0300tres de Salt Lake City dans le Polygone de test et d\u2019entrai\u0302nement de l\u2019arme\u0301e ame\u0301ricaine de l\u2019Utah (ou\u0300 celle-ci e\u0301value habituellement des nouveaux syste\u0300mes d\u2019armes), au sein d\u2019une ellipse d\u2019atterrissage de 58 kilome\u0300tres de long sur 15 de large.<\/p>\n

E\u0301viter toute contamination terrestre<\/b><\/p>\n

Un he\u0301licopte\u0300re transportera alors la capsule de 46 kilogrammes et 81 centime\u0300tres de diame\u0300tre au Centre spatial Johnson de la Nasa a\u0300 Houston (Texas). Elle sera conserve\u0301e au de\u0301partement des sciences pour les recherche et l\u2019exploration des astromate\u0301riaux (ARES), ou\u0300 se trouvent notamment des e\u0301chantillons de roches lunaires, de come\u0300te, de particules de vent solaire et de me\u0301te\u0301orites. Mais un nouveau laboratoire a e\u0301te\u0301 spe\u0301cialement construit pour pre\u0301server et manipuler les e\u0301chantillons de Be\u0301nou. \u201cL\u2019e\u0301quipe de conservation d\u2019OSIRIS-REx se pre\u0301pare avec enthousiasme a\u0300 re\u0301cupe\u0301rer les e\u0301chantillons de Be\u0301nou\u201d, a pre\u0301cise\u0301 la ge\u0301ochimiste Nicole Lunning, du de\u0301partement ARES, qui sera en charge de ces travaux. Les premie\u0300res ope\u0301rations consisteront a\u0300 ouvrir la capsule a\u0300 l\u2019aide d\u2019une \u201cboi\u0302te a\u0300 gants\u201d. Objectif : re\u0301cupe\u0301rer la matie\u0300re extraterrestre qui se trouve a\u0300 la fois dans le conteneur et sur le syste\u0300me de pre\u0301le\u0300vement des e\u0301chantillons (TAGSAM) sans les contaminer avec des substances terrestres.<\/p>\n

Des quantite\u0301s record de matie\u0300re aste\u0301roi\u0308dale<\/b><\/p>\n

Un long et minutieux travail de fractionnement, de caracte\u0301risation et d\u2019analyse de\u0301butera ensuite, a\u0300 Houston puis dans d\u2019autres laboratoires ou\u0300 des fragments seront distribue\u0301s et examine\u0301s par pre\u0300s de 200 experts internationaux. Ce n\u2019est certes pas la premie\u0300re fois que de la matie\u0300re aste\u0301roi\u0308dale est recueillie dans l\u2019espace pour e\u0302tre analyse\u0301e sur Terre. Mais les quantite\u0301s collecte\u0301es par OSIRIS-REx sont sans commune mesure. En 2010, le vaisseau japonais Hayabusa avait rapporte\u0301 en effet quelques millionie\u0300mes de gramme de l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de silicate\u0301 Itokawa. Et en 2020, son successeur Hayabusa2 a pu rapatrier 5,4 grammes de l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de carbone\u0301 Ruygu. Or selon les estimations de la Nasa, OSIRIS-REx aurait grappille\u0301 250 grammes de matie\u0300re a\u0300 la surface de Be\u0301nou. Ce \u201cmagot\u201d permettra de re\u0301aliser une batterie encore plus large d\u2019analyses et de de\u0301couvertes scientifiques. Sur la ge\u0301ome\u0301trie tridimensionnelle des mole\u0301cules organiques par exemple (appele\u0301e \u201cchiralite\u0301\u201d), qui caracte\u0301risent les sucres et les acides amine\u0301s dans les syste\u0300mes biologiques.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 e Pr\u00edncipe. Apre\u0300s un voyage de pre\u0300s de sept ans dans l\u2019espace, la sonde de la Nasa OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer) s\u2019appre\u0302te a\u0300 revenir sur Terre avec sa pre\u0301cieuse cargaison : des e\u0301chantillons de poussie\u0300res et de roches pre\u0301leve\u0301s a\u0300 plus de 300 millions de kilome\u0300tres de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":8937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-8938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-sao-tome-e-principe","tag-sao-tome-e-principe"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Nasa s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer 250 grammes de mati\u00e8re extraterrestre - S\u00e3o 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