{"id":16746,"date":"2021-12-16T16:02:17","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T16:02:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/un-sentiment-de-frustration-et-dexclusion-au-sein-des-populations-des-zones-auriferes-rapport"},"modified":"2021-12-16T16:46:48","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T16:46:48","slug":"un-sentiment-de-frustration-et-dexclusion-au-sein-des-populations-des-zones-auriferes-rapport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/economie\/un-sentiment-de-frustration-et-dexclusion-au-sein-des-populations-des-zones-auriferes-rapport","title":{"rendered":"\u2018\u2019Un sentiment de frustration et d\u2019exclusion\u2019\u2019 au sein des populations des zones aurif\u00e8res (rapport)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Un rapport sur l\u2019exploitation aurif\u00e8re dans les r\u00e9gions de Tambacounda et K\u00e9dougou (Sud-Est) alerte sur \u2019\u2019un sentiment de frustration et d\u2019exclusion\u2019\u2019 au sein des populations qui les rend \u2018\u2019vuln\u00e9rables au recrutement par les groupes extr\u00e9mistes\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u2019Le foss\u00e9 entre les potentialit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et le niveau de pauvret\u00e9, combin\u00e9 \u00e0 la faiblesse des infrastructures sociales de base, alimente un sentiment de frustration et d\u2019exclusion au sein des populations, les rendant vuln\u00e9rables au recrutement par les groupes extr\u00e9mistes\u2019\u2019, conclut ce rapport dont l\u2019APS a eu connaissance, jeudi.<\/p>\n

Le rapport intitul\u00e9 : \u2019\u2019Pr\u00e9venir l\u2019extr\u00e9misme violent au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal : Les menaces li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation aurif\u00e8re\u2019\u2019, rendu public jeudi, a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par le Centre des Hautes Etudes de D\u00e9fense et de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 (CHEDS) et le Bureau r\u00e9gional pour l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, le Sahel et le bassin du lac Tchad de l\u2019Institut d\u2019\u00e9tudes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (ISS).<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude analyse les facteurs de risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation aurif\u00e8re dans les r\u00e9gions de K\u00e9dougou et Tambacounda, au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, et les r\u00f4les qu\u2019ils sont susceptibles de jouer dans l\u2019expansion des groupes extr\u00e9mistes violents vers les pays du littoral ouest-africain.<\/p>\n

Il vise \u00e0 \u2018\u2019documenter les menaces \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 humaine li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation aurif\u00e8re\u2019\u2019 et a pour objectif de \u2018\u2019soutenir l\u2019\u00e9laboration et la mise en \u0153uvre de r\u00e9ponses adapt\u00e9es et\/ou l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de mesures existantes, pour faire face \u00e0 ces menaces\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 conceptualis\u00e9e et men\u00e9e entre septembre 2019 et octobre 2021 par une \u00e9quipe de douze personnes, dont cinq femmes.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u2019Alors que des incidents s\u00e9curitaires se produisent sporadiquement de part et d\u2019autre de la fronti\u00e8re s\u00e9n\u00e9galo-malienne, l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude grandit quant \u00e0 une possible expansion de la menace li\u00e9e aux groupes extr\u00e9mistes violents dans le Sud-Est du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, riche en or et frontalier du Mali\u2019\u2019, met en garde le rapport.<\/p>\n

Pour ses auteurs, \u2018\u2019l\u2019exploitation aurif\u00e8re constitue une source de financement des groupes extr\u00e9mistes violents dans le Sahel\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Selon eux, \u2018\u2019les localit\u00e9s aurif\u00e8res de K\u00e9dougou et Tambacounda rec\u00e8lent des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s qui sont instrumentalis\u00e9es par ces groupes dans leurs strat\u00e9gies de contr\u00f4le des espaces et des circuits d\u2019approvisionnement dans la zone sah\u00e9lienne\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Ils d\u00e9plorent une \u2018\u2019absence de tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9\u2019\u2019 des ressources qui \u2018\u2019financent l\u2019activit\u00e9 aurif\u00e8re et de celles qui d\u00e9coulent de la commercialisation de l\u2019or alimente les risques de blanchiment de capitaux et de financement du terrorisme\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Le rapport souligne que \u2018\u2019les importants flux migratoires et financiers r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019orpaillage bouleversent les rapports sociaux et entra\u00eenent des dynamiques conflictuelles, sur fond de tensions li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u2019Ces flux massifs et incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s accentuent le risque d\u2019infiltration et d\u2019implantation d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments extr\u00e9mistes\u2019\u2019, ajoute le document.<\/p>\n

Il note que \u2018\u2019les trafics illicites transnationaux en tous genres engendrent une \u00e9conomie criminelle qui peut permettre aux groupes extr\u00e9mistes violents de s\u2019approvisionner et de nouer des alliances de circonstance avec des acteurs qui cherchent \u00e9galement \u00e0 se soustraire au contr\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00c9tat\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Il y a aussi \u2018\u2019les cons\u00e9quences environnementales et sanitaires de l\u2019orpaillage, d\u00e9j\u00e0 perceptibles dans la zone de recherche, risquent d\u2019accentuer les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s identifi\u00e9es, notamment en r\u00e9duisant les activit\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus et en affectant la sant\u00e9 des populations\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude signale que \u2018\u2019le risque d\u2019une expansion de la menace extr\u00e9miste violente vers le Sud-Est du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal ne se limite pas seulement aux attaques potentielles. Il concerne \u00e9galement le fait que le territoire s\u00e9n\u00e9galais puisse \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 des fins de financement, d\u2019approvisionnement et de recrutement\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Dans leurs recommandations, les auteurs de l\u2019\u00e9tude estiment que \u2018\u2019les autorit\u00e9s nationales gagneraient \u00e0 adopter une approche pr\u00e9ventive multidimensionnelle\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Selon eux, \u2018\u2019il urge d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le processus de formalisation de l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re artisanale et \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle (EMAPE) afin de contenir l\u2019exploitation clandestine et de renforcer les m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le du circuit de commercialisation de l\u2019or\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u2019\u2019Ce qui permettrait de r\u00e9duire les risques de financement du terrorisme et de lutter contre les multiples vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s d\u00e9coulant de l\u2019orpaillage qui gangr\u00e8nent les r\u00e9gions de K\u00e9dougou et Tambacounda\u2019\u2019, ont-t-ils ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dans cette s\u00e9rie de recommandations figure \u2018\u2019la r\u00e9duction des d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres socio-\u00e9conomiques, prompts \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des frustrations, notamment dans les zones frontali\u00e8res\u2019\u2019 par la mise en place acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e, efficace et harmonis\u00e9e des programmes de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9tatiques dans les deux r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n

Selon les auteurs de l\u2019\u00e9tude, \u2018\u2019des efforts de consultation et de sensibilisation doivent accompagner les interventions de l\u2019\u00c9tat, parfois incomprises et mal v\u00e9cues par les orpailleurs, afin de r\u00e9duire les tensions qui en d\u00e9coulent\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Ils soulignent qu\u2019un renforcement du dispositif s\u00e9curitaire, qui tiendrait compte des divers types de trafic, \u2018\u2019est d\u00e9terminant pour relever les d\u00e9fis nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux li\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion, \u00e0 la surveillance et au contr\u00f4le des fronti\u00e8res\u2019\u2019.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. Un rapport sur l\u2019exploitation aurif\u00e8re dans les r\u00e9gions de Tambacounda et K\u00e9dougou (Sud-Est) alerte sur \u2019\u2019un sentiment de frustration et d\u2019exclusion\u2019\u2019 au sein des populations qui les rend \u2018\u2019vuln\u00e9rables au recrutement par les groupes extr\u00e9mistes\u2019\u2019. \u2018\u2019Le foss\u00e9 entre les potentialit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et le niveau de pauvret\u00e9, combin\u00e9 \u00e0 la faiblesse des infrastructures […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":16745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,3,11,10],"tags":[43,47,44],"class_list":["post-16746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-economie","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press-2","tag-africa-press-senegal","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018\u2019Un sentiment de frustration et d\u2019exclusion\u2019\u2019 au sein des populations des zones aurif\u00e8res (rapport) - 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