{"id":23447,"date":"2022-03-27T17:48:06","date_gmt":"2022-03-27T17:48:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/a-propos-de-la-nomination-dun-premier-ministre-par-dr-papa-makha-diao"},"modified":"2022-03-27T19:25:26","modified_gmt":"2022-03-27T19:25:26","slug":"a-propos-de-la-nomination-dun-premier-ministre-par-dr-papa-makha-diao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/a-propos-de-la-nomination-dun-premier-ministre-par-dr-papa-makha-diao","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 propos de la nomination d\u2019un Premier Ministre ? Par Dr Papa Makha DIAO"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>La dynamique des r\u00e9gimes politiques africains met en relief la dimension circonstancielle o\u00f9 conjoncturelle l’institution du Premier ministre. En effet, celle-ci est cr\u00e9\u00e9e o\u00f9 supprim\u00e9e au gr\u00e9 des gouvernants pour faire face \u00e0 des situations politiques donn\u00e9es \u00bb. Ainsi affirmait le Professeur El Hadj MBODJ, il y a de cela une trentaine d’ann\u00e9es dans un article intitul\u00e9, le Premier ministre dans le nouvel ordonnancement constitutionnel du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n

Il y a lieu de noter que cette situation est toujours perceptible dans nos \u00c9tats africains. C’est le cas r\u00e9cemment du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, qui apr\u00e8s avoir supprim\u00e9 le poste de Premier ministre, l\u2019a r\u00e9tabli par une loi constitutionnelle, promulgu\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre 2021.<\/p>\n

Ce constat appelle de notre part les pr\u00e9occupations suivantes : le Pr\u00e9sident de le R\u00e9publique doit-il obligatoirement nommer un Premier ministre \u00e0 la suite de la promulgation de la loi r\u00e9instaurant le poste de Premier Ministre ? est-il dans les d\u00e9lais raisonnables pour nommer ou non un Premier Ministre ? Dispose-t-il d\u2019un pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire pour nommer un Premier Ministre au moment qui lui convient ? Doit-il lier la nomination du Premier Ministre aux r\u00e9sultats issus des \u00e9lections locales ou aux l\u00e9gislatives de juillet 2022 ? En ne prenant pas un d\u00e9cret portant nomination du Premier ministre, le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique ne porte-il pas atteinte aux institutions de la R\u00e9publique ?<\/p>\n

L\u2019objet de cette br\u00e8ve r\u00e9flexion n\u2019est pas de revenir sur le d\u00e9bat pos\u00e9 par les sp\u00e9cialistes de la science du droit constitutionnel et de la science politique ainsi que ceux int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par cette situation. Mais, il est ici question d\u2019interroger les dispositions pertinentes de la norme supr\u00eame pour pouvoir essayer de d\u00e9terminer si oui ou non le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique est tenu de nommer un Premier ministre.<\/p>\n

Il ressort de l\u2019alin\u00e9a premier de l\u2019article 49 de la Constitution que le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique nomme le Premier et met fin \u00e0 ses fonctions. Ce qui se traduit par un droit de vie et de mort sur la personne du Premier Ministre. La r\u00e9instauration de ce poste ne se traduit pas par une modification du statut du pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif. Bien plus, le Premier Ministre est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un fid\u00e8le ex\u00e9cutant du Chef de l\u2019Etat.<\/p>\n

Au demeurant, la lecture de l\u2019article 53 de la Constitution attire notre attention : \u00ab le Gouvernement comprend le Premier Ministre, chef du Gouvernement, les ministres et les Secr\u00e9taires d\u2019Etat \u00bb. Au regard de cette disposition, un gouvernement doit avoir imp\u00e9rativement \u00e0 sa t\u00eate un Premier Ministre. Premi\u00e8re conclusion, l\u2019actuel gouvernement devrait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme d\u00e9missionnaire car n\u2019ayant pas de Premier Ministre.<\/p>\n

L\u2019autre disposition qui nous a \u00e9galement accroch\u00e9 est celle \u00e9voqu\u00e9e au niveau de l\u2019article 43 de la Constitution. Selon l\u2019alin\u00e9a 2 de l\u2019article pr\u00e9cit\u00e9, les actes du pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, \u00e0 l’exception de ceux qu’il accomplit en vertu des articles 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 alin\u00e9as 1, 52, 74, 75 alin\u00e9a 2, 79, 83 89 et 90, sont contresign\u00e9s par le Premier Ministre. Regardons par exemple l\u2019article 44 de la Constitution : \u00ab le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique nomme aux emplois civils \u00bb. Peut-on ainsi conclure que depuis la promulgation de la loi constitutionnelle r\u00e9instaurant le poste de Premier Ministre, toutes les nominations en d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration en conseil des ministres devaient, en principe, \u00eatre contresign\u00e9es ? Et, dans les dispositions traitant des rapports entre le Gouvernent et l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale, la situation est plus beaucoup plus d\u00e9routante.<\/p>\n

D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, il y a certains qui affirment que le Chef de l\u2019Etat est dans le d\u00e9lai raisonnable pour nommer son Premier Ministre. Toutefois, il est \u00e0 noter qu\u2019en droit positif s\u00e9n\u00e9galais, aucune d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gislative ou r\u00e9glementaire n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9e sur la notion de d\u00e9lai raisonnable. La notion trouve son ancrage pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans l\u2019article premier de la loi n\u00b0 2014-26 du 3 novembre 2014 abrogeant et rempla\u00e7ant la loi n\u00b0 84- 19 du 2 f\u00e9vrier 1984 fixant l\u2019Organisation judiciaire du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n

Vu que la loi constitutionnelle instaurant le poste de Premier Ministre a \u00e9t\u00e9 incorpor\u00e9e dans le corpus constitutionnel en fin d\u00e9cembre, l\u2019on peut estimer, \u00e0 juste titre, que le Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique est toujours dans les clous du d\u00e9lai raisonnable (d\u00e9lai assimilable plus ou moins \u00e0 une dur\u00e9e de trois mois), pour choisir et nommer discr\u00e9tionnairement son Premier Ministre. \u00c0 cet \u00e9gard, nous osons esp\u00e9rer que le Premier Ministre pourrait \u00eatre nomm\u00e9 avant le 04 avril 2022.<\/p>\n

Somme toute, le chef de l\u2019Etat est au-dessus des contingences politiques. Il veille, \u00e0 ce titre, \u00e0 la continuit\u00e9 de l’Etat et au bon fonctionnement des institutions. Ce qui suppose la mise en place, entre autres, d\u2019un gouvernement avec \u00e0 sa t\u00eate un Premier Ministre.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. La dynamique des r\u00e9gimes politiques africains met en relief la dimension circonstancielle o\u00f9 conjoncturelle l’institution du Premier ministre. En effet, celle-ci est cr\u00e9\u00e9e o\u00f9 supprim\u00e9e au gr\u00e9 des gouvernants pour faire face \u00e0 des situations politiques donn\u00e9es \u00bb. Ainsi affirmait le Professeur El Hadj MBODJ, il y a de cela une trentaine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":23446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,11,10],"tags":[43,47,44],"class_list":["post-23447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press-2","tag-africa-press-senegal","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c0 propos de la nomination d\u2019un Premier Ministre ? 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