{"id":45448,"date":"2023-06-06T20:32:01","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T20:32:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/dans-les-stations-de-mesure-de-la-qualite-de-lair-les-traces-adn-dune-biodiversite-discrete"},"modified":"2023-06-06T23:21:29","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T23:21:29","slug":"dans-les-stations-de-mesure-de-la-qualite-de-lair-les-traces-adn-dune-biodiversite-discrete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/dans-les-stations-de-mesure-de-la-qualite-de-lair-les-traces-adn-dune-biodiversite-discrete","title":{"rendered":"Dans les stations de mesure de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, les traces ADN d\u2019une biodiversit\u00e9 discr\u00e8te"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Pie\u0301ge\u0301es dans des stations de mesure de la qualite\u0301 de l\u2019air, des traces ADN d\u2019animaux, de plantes et me\u0302me de champignons, ont e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301colte\u0301es par des chercheurs. Cette de\u0301couverte pourrait re\u0301volutionner la surveillance des espe\u0300ces terrestres les plus rares.<\/p>\n

Plus de 180 espe\u0300ces de\u0301tecte\u0301es par des stations de mesure de la qualite\u0301 de l\u2019air<\/b><\/p>\n

Les e\u0302tres vivants laissent des fragments de leur ADN (e\u0301cailles, poils, se\u0301cre\u0301tions…) dans les milieux qu\u2019ils fre\u0301quentent. Pre\u0301leve\u0301s, amplifie\u0301s et se\u0301quence\u0301s, ils peuvent ensuite permettre d\u2019identifier leur auteur sans les de\u0301ranger, ni me\u0302me les voir. Cette technique se nomme ADN environnemental ou ADNe.<\/p>\n

Pour obtenir cet ADN, il faut normalement re\u0301aliser des pre\u0301le\u0300vements (par exemple de terre) dans le milieu. Mais des chercheurs ont trouve\u0301 une manie\u0300re bien plus efficace de re\u0301colter ces traces : ils ont utilise\u0301 des stations de mesure de la qualite\u0301 de l\u2019air. En analysant les filtres de ces stations dans deux lieux e\u0301loigne\u0301s (une station a\u0300 Londres et une station publique en Ecosse), les scientifiques ont trouve\u0301 les traces d\u2019ADN ae\u0301roporte\u0301 de plus de 180 espe\u0300ces de verte\u0301bre\u0301s, d\u2019arthropodes, de plantes et de champignons, repre\u0301sentant la biodiversite\u0301 locale.<\/p>\n

\u201cNous avons e\u0301te\u0301 surpris par la diversite\u0301 de la vie que nous avons pu e\u0301tudier avec une approche presque ine\u0301dite dans ce domaine scientifique, remarque dans un communique\u0301 le Pr Elizabeth Clare (Universite\u0301 de York, Canada). Dans ces deux endroits, nous avons de\u0301tecte\u0301 simultane\u0301ment l\u2019ADNe de 34 espe\u0300ces d\u2019oiseaux et de 24 espe\u0300ces de mammife\u0300res, une grande varie\u0301te\u0301 d\u2019insectes, de cultures, de champignons pathoge\u0300nes, de belles fleurs sauvages, de plantes de jardin ornementales et d\u2019herbes\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cChanger la donne\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, la biodiversite\u0301 s\u2019effondre. Les biologistes n\u2019ont pas d\u2019autre choix que de la surveiller pour pre\u0301venir, voire inverser, cette tendance. Mais jusqu\u2019a\u0300 maintenant, un re\u0301seau de surveillance national et international n\u2019e\u0301tait pas exploitable. Les stations de mesure de la qualite\u0301 de l\u2019air offrent ce maillage de manie\u0300re inattendue. Les structures sont de\u0301ja\u0300 installe\u0301es, pre\u0302tes a\u0300 e\u0302tre utilise\u0301es par les chercheurs.<\/p>\n

\u201cCela pourrait changer comple\u0300tement la donne pour le suivi et la surveillance de la biodiversite\u0301, confirme le Dr Joanne Littlefair de l\u2019Universite\u0301 Queen Mary de Londres, et auteure principale d\u2019une e\u0301tude parue le 5 juin 2023 dans la revue Current Biology. Presque tous les pays disposent d\u2019un syste\u0300me ou d\u2019un re\u0301seau de surveillance de la pollution de l\u2019air, public ou prive\u0301, et dans de nombreux cas les deux. Cela pourrait re\u0301soudre un proble\u0300me mondial de mesure de la biodiversite\u0301 a\u0300 grande e\u0301chelle\u201d. En outre, \u201cdans certaines re\u0301gions, les e\u0301chantillons de qualite\u0301 de l\u2019air sont stocke\u0301s pendant des de\u0301cennies\u201d, souligne l\u2019e\u0301tude. Ces donne\u0301es pourraient permettre de mesurer l\u2019e\u0301volution de la biodiversite\u0301 au cours du temps.<\/p>\n

Si le potentiel de cette technique est incontestable, ses caracte\u0301ristiques doivent encore e\u0302tre affine\u0301es. Par exemple, les chercheurs espe\u0300rent pouvoir de\u0301terminer le taux de de\u0301gradation de l\u2019ADNe ae\u0301roporte\u0301, la distance qu\u2019il peut parcourir dans l\u2019air, l\u2019influence de la taille des e\u0301chantillons, mais aussi comprendre pourquoi certaines espe\u0300ces sont plus simples a\u0300 de\u0301tecter que d\u2019autres.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. Pie\u0301ge\u0301es dans des stations de mesure de la qualite\u0301 de l\u2019air, des traces ADN d\u2019animaux, de plantes et me\u0302me de champignons, ont e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301colte\u0301es par des chercheurs. Cette de\u0301couverte pourrait re\u0301volutionner la surveillance des espe\u0300ces terrestres les plus rares. Plus de 180 espe\u0300ces de\u0301tecte\u0301es par des stations de mesure de la qualite\u0301 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":45446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[43,47,44],"class_list":["post-45448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press-2","tag-africa-press-senegal","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nDans les stations de mesure de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, les traces ADN d\u2019une biodiversit\u00e9 discr\u00e8te - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pie\u0301ge\u0301es dans des stations de mesure de la qualite\u0301 de l\u2019air, des traces ADN d\u2019animaux, de plantes et me\u0302me de champign ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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