{"id":66581,"date":"2025-04-12T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-12T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/lintrigante-reponse-des-oiseaux-lors-dune-eclipse-totale-de-soleil"},"modified":"2025-04-12T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T12:00:00","slug":"lintrigante-reponse-des-oiseaux-lors-dune-eclipse-totale-de-soleil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/lintrigante-reponse-des-oiseaux-lors-dune-eclipse-totale-de-soleil","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Intrigante R\u00e9ponse des Oiseaux Lors D\u2019Une \u00c9clipse Totale de Soleil"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>C\u2019est une question fascinante: comment les oiseaux se comportent-ils lors d\u2019une e\u0301clipse totale de Soleil ? Plusieurs donne\u0301es indiquent qu\u2019ils s\u2019arre\u0302tent de chanter et qu\u2019ils adoptent un comportement nocturne en se perchant. Mais elles souffrent de plusieurs biais, notamment d\u2019une pre\u0301sence humaine qui peut se re\u0301ve\u0301ler perturbatrice (pe\u0301tards, cris&#8230;). Des e\u0301tudes ont, quant a\u0300 elles, indique\u0301 que le chant diminuait mais ne s\u2019arre\u0302tait jamais totalement.<\/p>\n<p>Le 8 avril 2024, une e\u0301clipse de Soleil a plonge\u0301 une partie de l\u2019Ame\u0301rique dans le noir en traversant le Mexique, les E\u0301tats-Unis et le Canada. Une occasion unique \u2013 les e\u0301clipses solaires totales sont rares \u2013 pour les chercheurs de mieux comprendre la re\u0301ponse comportementale des oiseaux gra\u0302ce a\u0300 un protocole solide. Leurs re\u0301sultats ont e\u0301te\u0301 publie\u0301s un an, jour pour jour, apre\u0300s l\u2019e\u0301clipse, le 8 avril 2025, dans la revue Scientific Reports.<\/p>\n<p><b>Un dispositif base\u0301 sur l\u2019intelligence artificielle<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pour obtenir une e\u0301clipse solaire, il faut un parfait alignement entre le Soleil, la Lune et la Terre. Autre requis pour une e\u0301clipse totale: une distance ide\u0301ale afin que les disques du Soleil et de la Lune se superposent parfaitement pour les observateurs sur Terre.<\/p>\n<p>Mais une e\u0301clipse, ce n\u2019est pas seulement l\u2019obscurite\u0301. \u00ab Lorsque la Lune bloque les rayons chauffants du Soleil, l\u2019humidite\u0301 relative augmente, les tempe\u0301ratures de l\u2019air chutent de 1,5 \u00b0C avec un obscurcissement solaire de 97 % et jusqu\u2019a\u0300 7 \u00b0C pendant la totalite\u0301 \u00bb de l\u2019e\u0301clipse, rappellent les auteurs de cette nouvelle e\u0301tude, qui officient au Cornell Lab of Ornithology et a\u0300 l\u2019entreprise Loggerhead Instruments, spe\u0301cialiste des outils de surveillance de la nature.<\/p>\n<p>En effet, pour cette e\u0301tude, les scientifiques se sont base\u0301s sur les donne\u0301es recueillies par 344 dispositifs de surveillance acoustique communautaires, des outils baptise\u0301s Haikubox. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une sorte de boi\u0302te de la taille d\u2019une main, connecte\u0301e au Wi-Fi et capable d\u2019identifier les oiseaux gra\u0302ce a\u0300 une branche de l\u2019intelligence artificielle baptise\u0301e \u00ab apprentissage automatique \u00bb. \u00ab Lorsqu\u2019un particulier ache\u0300te et installe une Haikubox pre\u0300s de chez lui, celle-ci se connecte au syste\u0300me Haikubox et commence a\u0300 identifier acoustiquement les oiseaux \u00bb, expliquent les chercheurs.<\/p>\n<p>Les Haikubox sont aussi capables de de\u0301tecter une pre\u0301sence humaine. Ainsi, si une forte pre\u0301sence anthropique a e\u0301te\u0301 enregistre\u0301e durant l\u2019e\u0301clipse, alors ces donne\u0301es ont e\u0301te\u0301 exclues de l\u2019e\u0301tude. Cette dernie\u0300re est ainsi la premie\u0300re, a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301chelle continentale, a\u0300 prendre en compte cet important biais.<\/p>\n<p><b>Des re\u0301actions tre\u0300s variables<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pour les oiseaux situe\u0301s a\u0300 des endroits ou\u0300 l\u2019obscurcissement e\u0301tait de plus de 99 %, \u00ab une augmentation du taux de vocalisation a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301tecte\u0301e 10 a\u0300 30 minutes avant l\u2019obscurcissement maximal, suivie d\u2019une diminution du taux de vocalisation au pic de l\u2019e\u0301clipse \u00bb, relate l\u2019e\u0301tude. Cela a par exemple e\u0301te\u0301 le cas pour des tarins des pins sur un site d\u2019e\u0301tude.<\/p>\n<p>Avec cependant d\u2019e\u0301tranges exceptions. Ainsi, un merle d\u2019Ame\u0301rique a chante\u0301 durant l\u2019e\u0301clipse totale, si bien qu\u2019on entendait que lui dans la zone. Quant aux me\u0301sanges a\u0300 te\u0302te noire, sur un site d\u2019e\u0301tude elles ont vocalise\u0301 apre\u0300s le pic d\u2019obscurcissement alors que sur un second site, elles ont vocalise\u0301 durant le pic. Sinon, dans de nombreuses localite\u0301s ou\u0300 l\u2019obscurcissement e\u0301tait infe\u0301rieur a\u0300 99%, les oiseaux n\u2019ont quasiment pas change\u0301 leurs vocalisations.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab La variabilite\u0301 des re\u0301actions des oiseaux et les diffe\u0301rences entre les sites e\u0301taient fascinantes, remarque dans un communique\u0301 David Mann, co-auteur de l\u2019e\u0301tude et cre\u0301ateur de la Haikubox. Nous ignorons vraiment pourquoi les oiseaux ont re\u0301agi de manie\u0300re si diffe\u0301rente a\u0300 l\u2019obscurite\u0301 totale pendant l\u2019e\u0301clipse. Malgre\u0301 l\u2019examen de facteurs comme la tempe\u0301rature, la ne\u0301bulosite\u0301 et la vitesse du vent, nous n\u2019avons trouve\u0301 aucune corre\u0301lation significative avec les variations de vocalisation. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Cette e\u0301tude permet d\u2019apporter un de\u0301but de re\u0301ponse, me\u0302me si ce n\u2019e\u0301tait pas force\u0301ment celle attendue: les vocalisations des oiseaux soumis a\u0300 une e\u0301clipse totale sont hautement variables. Il n\u2019y a pas de re\u0301action sonore universelle, me\u0302me pas au sein d\u2019une me\u0302me espe\u0300ce. Cependant, cette e\u0301tude ne prenait pas en compte d\u2019autres comportements, comme les de\u0301placements, le lissage des plumes&#8230; La diffe\u0301rence e\u0301tait peut-e\u0302tre cache\u0301e par l\u2019obscurite\u0301.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations et d&rsquo;analyses sur la <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Senegal<\/span>, suivez <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Africa-Press<span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Senegal. C\u2019est une question fascinante: comment les oiseaux se comportent-ils lors d\u2019une e\u0301clipse totale de Soleil ? Plusieurs donne\u0301es indiquent qu\u2019ils s\u2019arre\u0302tent de chanter et qu\u2019ils adoptent un comportement nocturne en se perchant. Mais elles souffrent de plusieurs biais, notamment d\u2019une pre\u0301sence humaine qui peut se re\u0301ve\u0301ler perturbatrice (pe\u0301tards, cris&#8230;). Des e\u0301tudes ont, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":66580,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-66581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019Intrigante R\u00e9ponse des Oiseaux Lors D\u2019Une \u00c9clipse Totale de Soleil - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/lintrigante-reponse-des-oiseaux-lors-dune-eclipse-totale-de-soleil\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Intrigante R\u00e9ponse des Oiseaux Lors D\u2019Une \u00c9clipse Totale de Soleil\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Africa-Press &#8211; Senegal. C\u2019est une question fascinante: comment les oiseaux se comportent-ils lors d\u2019une e\u0301clipse totale de Soleil ? Plusieurs donne\u0301es indiquent qu\u2019ils s\u2019arre\u0302tent de chanter et qu\u2019ils adoptent un comportement nocturne en se perchant. Mais elles souffrent de plusieurs biais, notamment d\u2019une pre\u0301sence humaine qui peut se re\u0301ve\u0301ler perturbatrice (pe\u0301tards, cris&#8230;). 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