{"id":66599,"date":"2025-04-12T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-12T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/du-temps-des-dinosaures-certains-mammiferes-saventuraient-deja-au-sol"},"modified":"2025-04-12T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T12:00:00","slug":"du-temps-des-dinosaures-certains-mammiferes-saventuraient-deja-au-sol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/du-temps-des-dinosaures-certains-mammiferes-saventuraient-deja-au-sol","title":{"rendered":"Du Temps des Dinosaures, certains Mammif\u00e8res S\u2019Aventuraient D\u00e9j\u00e0 au Sol"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Bien avant que la chute de l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de de Chicxulub ne provoque la disparition des dinosaures, les petits mammife\u0300res du Cre\u0301tace\u0301 e\u0301taient de\u0301ja\u0300 en pleine mutation. Alors que la plupart vivaient dans les arbres et s\u2019e\u0301panouissaient la nuit, certains ont commence\u0301 a\u0300 s\u2019aventurer au sol. C\u2019est notamment le cas des lointains ance\u0302tres des marsupiaux et des placentaires comme le de\u0301montre une e\u0301tude, mene\u0301e par l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Bristol, analysant des fragments d\u2019os de\u0301terre\u0301s en Ame\u0301rique du Nord.<\/p>\n

Une adaptation terrestre en marche<\/b><\/p>\n

Pour de\u0301crypter l\u2019e\u0301volution de ces petits mammife\u0300res, l\u2019e\u0301quipe dirige\u0301e par Christine Janis s\u2019est concentre\u0301e sur les extre\u0301mite\u0301s des os longs, appele\u0301es e\u0301piphyses. Ces surfaces articulaires, rarement e\u0301tudie\u0301es isole\u0301ment, re\u0301ve\u0300lent pourtant des indices cruciaux sur la locomotion. \u00ab La forme des surfaces articulaires peut montrer si le membre est principalement adapte\u0301 a\u0300 la mobilite\u0301, comme chez les mammife\u0300res arboricoles, ou a\u0300 la stabilite\u0301, comme chez les mammife\u0300res terrestres \u00bb, explique la chercheuse. Ces observations, qui font l\u2019objet d\u2019une publication dans la revue Palaeontology, sugge\u0300rent que plusieurs espe\u0300ces avaient de\u0301ja\u0300 de\u0301laisse\u0301 la canope\u0301e pour s\u2019aventurer sur le sol bien avant l\u2019extinction des dinosaures, il y a 66 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es.<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce qui a pousse\u0301 ces mammife\u0300res a\u0300 troquer la vie dans les branches pour un habitat terrestre ? La re\u0301ponse se trouve, en partie, dans l\u2019e\u0301volution des plantes. Alors qu\u2019au de\u0301but du Cre\u0301tace\u0301 les paysages e\u0301taient domine\u0301s par les conife\u0300res (les arbres portant des aiguilles aux branches), les plantes a\u0300 fleurs (les angiospermes) se sont progressivement e\u0301tendues tout au long de cette pe\u0301riode. \u00ab Les angiospermes sont devenus plus courants et ont de\u0301veloppe\u0301 des feuilles beaucoup plus grandes avec une nervation foliaire plus importante, ce qui a entrai\u0302ne\u0301 une transpiration accrue et la cre\u0301ation d\u2019un microhabitat plus humide \u00bb, de\u0301taille Christine Janis. Cette nouvelle donne e\u0301cologique a favorise\u0301 la croissance d\u2019un sous-bois plus dense, semblable a\u0300 celui des fore\u0302ts de feuillus actuelles, offrant aux petits mammife\u0300res un terrain propice a\u0300 l\u2019exploration du sol.<\/p>\n

Des cre\u0301atures discre\u0300tes dans l\u2019ombre des dinosaures<\/b><\/p>\n

Ces premiers mammife\u0300res ressemblaient a\u0300 des petites musaraignes ou a\u0300 des he\u0301rissons sans les piquants. \u00ab Il y avait une grande diversite\u0301 de formes y compris des animaux pouvant planer et d\u2019autres semi-aquatiques. Chacun posse\u0301dait un re\u0301gime alimentaire et un mode de locomotion propre \u00bb, pre\u0301cise la chercheuse.<\/p>\n

Leur petite taille et leur probable mode de vie nocturne ont sans doute e\u0301vite\u0301 qu\u2019ils ne se fassent croquer par les dinosaures qui fre\u0301quentaient le me\u0302me biotope. D\u2019autant plus que, pre\u0301caution supple\u0301mentaire, tous ces animaux e\u0301taient recouverts de poils et de fourrures brunes ou noires comme une re\u0301cente e\u0301tude l\u2019a re\u0301ve\u0301le\u0301e, afin d\u2019e\u0302tre moins visible. Cette transition pre\u0301coce pourrait avoir facilite\u0301 leur survie apre\u0300s la catastrophe, leur permettant de s\u2019adapter rapidement a\u0300 un monde vide\u0301 de ses plus nombreux occupants.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. Bien avant que la chute de l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de de Chicxulub ne provoque la disparition des dinosaures, les petits mammife\u0300res du Cre\u0301tace\u0301 e\u0301taient de\u0301ja\u0300 en pleine mutation. Alors que la plupart vivaient dans les arbres et s\u2019e\u0301panouissaient la nuit, certains ont commence\u0301 a\u0300 s\u2019aventurer au sol. C\u2019est notamment le cas des lointains ance\u0302tres des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":66598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-66599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nDu Temps des Dinosaures, certains Mammif\u00e8res S\u2019Aventuraient D\u00e9j\u00e0 au Sol - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/du-temps-des-dinosaures-certains-mammiferes-saventuraient-deja-au-sol\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Du Temps des Dinosaures, certains Mammif\u00e8res S\u2019Aventuraient D\u00e9j\u00e0 au Sol\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Africa-Press – Senegal. Bien avant que la chute de l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de de Chicxulub ne provoque la disparition des dinosaures, les petits mammife\u0300res du Cre\u0301tace\u0301 e\u0301taient de\u0301ja\u0300 en pleine mutation. Alors que la plupart vivaient dans les arbres et s\u2019e\u0301panouissaient la nuit, certains ont commence\u0301 a\u0300 s\u2019aventurer au sol. 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