Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>De nouvelles e\u0301tudes de\u0301montrent que durant la Pre\u0301histoire, les chasseurs-cueilleurs europe\u0301ens s’ave\u0301raient e\u0302tre d’excellents explorateurs. De re\u0301centes de\u0301couvertes a\u0300 Malte pointent vers une colonisation de l’i\u0302le depuis le continent, pre\u0300s de 1 000 ans avant les pre\u0301ce\u0301dentes estimations.<\/p>\nOn savait les chasseurs-cueilleurs du Ne\u0301olithique bons aventuriers. De\u0300s la protohistoire europe\u0301enne, les populations continentales migraient pour atteindre des lieux souvent hors de porte\u0301e. De re\u0301centes e\u0301tudes de\u0301montraient que certains groupes avaient trouve\u0301 le moyen de traverser la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e pour atteindre les co\u0302tes africainesarchipel plus to\u0302t que pre\u0301ce\u0301demment estime\u0301 par les historiens.<\/p>\n
Dans une e\u0301tude publie\u0301e le 9 avril dans Nature, des anthropologues de l’Institut Max-Planck exploitent de nouvelles donne\u0301es acquises lors de fouilles arche\u0301ologiques et ge\u0301ologiques a\u0300 Malte pour comprendre les premie\u0300res vagues de peuplement arrive\u0301es depuis la mer.<\/p>\n
Une traverse\u0301e a\u0300 l’aveugle de la mer, il y a 8 500 ans<\/b><\/p>\n
De\u0300s les anne\u0301es 2000, il a e\u0301te\u0301 e\u0301tabli que des fermiers avaient traverse\u0301 la centaine de kilome\u0300tres se\u0301parant la Sicile de Malte pour s’installer durablement sur l’i\u0302le me\u0301diterrane\u0301enne, vers 5200 avant J.-C. Toutefois, des traces environnementales et ge\u0301ologiques laissent entendre que des humains auraient foule\u0301 l’archipel environ 1 000 ans plus to\u0302t. Toutes les preuves venant appuyer cette assertion se trouvaient dans la grotte de Latnija.<\/p>\n
Enfouis sous plusieurs centime\u0300tres de se\u0301diments, 64 outils de pierre e\u0301taient exhume\u0301s ces derniers mois par les arche\u0301ologues. Ces artefacts datent de la pe\u0301riode ante\u0301rieure au Ne\u0301olithique, le Me\u0301solithique. Entre 2021 et 2022, 955 restes d’animaux ont e\u0301te\u0301 recouvre\u0301s et e\u0301tudie\u0301s afin de de\u0301terminer une potentielle consommation ou utilisation par l’Homme durant la Pre\u0301histoire. Des traces d’alte\u0301rations d’origine humaine e\u0301taient alors constate\u0301es sur des os de biches, d’oiseaux ou des restes de tortues.<\/p>\n
Une prouesse a\u0300 la force des bras<\/b><\/p>\n
Les spe\u0301cialistes de l’Institut Max-Planck soulignent la ve\u0301ritable prouesse re\u0301alise\u0301e par ces e\u0301quipages venus du continent. Les embarcations a\u0300 voile n’apparaissent qu’en E\u0301gypte qu’au cours du VIe mille\u0301naire avant J.-C. La colonisation de Malte par les chasseurs-cueilleurs s’est donc faite a\u0300 la force des bras, en traversant les 100 kilome\u0300tres de mer sur des sortes de barques rudimentaires. Les historiens estiment leur vitesse potentielle a\u0300 environ quatre kilome\u0300tres par heure. Il aurait fallu environ 25 heures pour re\u0301aliser le trajet.<\/p>\n
Les continentaux ont-ils navigue\u0301 sans terre pre\u0301cise en vue ? Ou avaient-ils vent de l’existence de quelques archipels me\u0301diterrane\u0301ens ? Les historiens rappellent que la profondeur de la Me\u0301diterrane\u0301e au niveau du canal de Malte est au maximum de 170 me\u0300tres. Il est probable que les deux i\u0302les aient e\u0301te\u0301 jointes par un isthme, jusqu’au XIe mille\u0301naire avant J.-C. Des interrogations subsistent, mais les universitaires comptent bien exploiter amplement les donne\u0301es et de potentielles futures campagnes pour y re\u0301pondre, tant sur le peuplement de Malte que sur la disparition d’espe\u0300ces ende\u0301miques du territoire.<\/p>\n
Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"par Dorian De Schaepmeester Africa-Press – Senegal. De nouvelles e\u0301tudes de\u0301montrent que durant la Pre\u0301histoire, les chasseurs-cueilleurs europe\u0301ens s’ave\u0301raient e\u0302tre d’excellents explorateurs. De re\u0301centes de\u0301couvertes a\u0300 Malte pointent vers une colonisation de l’i\u0302le depuis le continent, pre\u0300s de 1 000 ans avant les pre\u0301ce\u0301dentes estimations. On savait les chasseurs-cueilleurs du Ne\u0301olithique bons aventuriers. De\u0300s la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":66842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-66843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\n
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