{"id":68270,"date":"2025-05-21T10:47:02","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T10:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders"},"modified":"2025-05-21T11:59:23","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T11:59:23","slug":"emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders","title":{"rendered":"E\u0301Migration des Libanais en Afrique: de Marchands A\u0300 Leaders"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Quand on e\u0301voque l\u2019e\u0301migration libanaise, on pense souvent a\u0300 l\u2019Ame\u0301rique du Nord (E\u0301tats-Unis et Canada) ou a\u0300 l\u2019Ame\u0301rique latine, ou\u0300 les descendants des Phe\u0301niciens ont connu des re\u0301ussites e\u0301conomiques, politiques et litte\u0301raires notables.<\/p>\n

Mais un examen approfondi de cette diaspora met en lumie\u0300re d’autres destinations majeures comme l\u2019Afrique, l\u2019Australie, l\u2019Europe, et les pays du Golfe, qui ont accueilli des milliers de Libanais de\u0300s le milieu du XIXe sie\u0300cle.<\/p>\n

La migration vers l\u2019Afrique fut influence\u0301e par des e\u0301ve\u0301nements majeurs comme les deux guerres mondiales, le mandat franc\u0327ais sur le Liban, et la guerre civile libanaise de 1975 a\u0300 1990.<\/p>\n

A\u0300 l\u2019origine, l\u2019arrive\u0301e des Libanais en Afrique re\u0301sultait de circonstances impre\u0301vues: leurs trajets vers l\u2019Ame\u0301rique s\u2019achevaient souvent sur les co\u0302tes africaines en raison de divers facteurs, dont la tromperie. Des re\u0301cits affirment que des Libanais, croyant se rendre en Ame\u0301rique, furent de\u0301barque\u0301s au Se\u0301ne\u0301gal ou en Guine\u0301e par des passeurs.<\/p>\n

D\u2019autres explications e\u0301voquent le cou\u0302t moindre du voyage vers l\u2019Afrique, ou l\u2019absence de besoin de passeport avant 1923 pour y entrer, facilitant le de\u0301part de populations pauvres, peu e\u0301duque\u0301es et sans qualifications professionnelles.<\/p>\n

Ces Libanais ont d\u2019abord exerce\u0301 comme vendeurs ambulants avant de se lancer dans le petit commerce, puis dans le ne\u0301goce structure\u0301 de produits comme le cacao et le cafe\u0301 en Co\u0302te d\u2019Ivoire, ou le bois au Gabon.<\/p>\n

Communaute\u0301s et statistiques<\/b><\/p>\n

La premie\u0300re vague e\u0301tait majoritairement maronite, avant que de nombreux chiites du sud du Liban n\u2019e\u0301migrent a\u0300 leur tour, fuyant la perse\u0301cution politique et religieuse ainsi que la mise\u0300re.<\/p>\n

Les donne\u0301es libanaises estiment que 70 % des Libanais d\u2019Afrique sont chiites, principalement issus du sud, et que leur nombre a fortement augmente\u0301 entre 1975 et 1990.<\/p>\n

Les premie\u0300res arrive\u0301es recense\u0301es datent de 1860, au Se\u0301ne\u0301gal. Au de\u0301but du XXe sie\u0300cle, la pre\u0301sence libanaise s\u2019intensifia, notamment a\u0300 cause du mandat franc\u0327ais au Liban et de la colonisation du Se\u0301ne\u0301gal.<\/p>\n

Sous la colonisation franc\u0327aise en Co\u0302te d\u2019Ivoire, au Se\u0301ne\u0301gal, en Guine\u0301e, et britannique au Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone et Gambie, les migrations libanaises se sont acce\u0301le\u0301re\u0301es.<\/p>\n

Cette migration se caracte\u0301rise souvent par une logique familiale et communautaire, avec un fort esprit de solidarite\u0301. Les estimations actuelles varient entre 300 000 et 500 000 Libanais en Afrique, concentre\u0301s en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et centrale: environ 100 000 en Co\u0302te d\u2019Ivoire, 30 000 au Se\u0301ne\u0301gal, entre 30 000 et 100 000 au Nigeria, plus de 15 000 au Gabon.<\/p>\n

D’autres vivent par milliers au Ghana, en Guine\u0301e, au Liberia, en Sierra Leone, au Burkina Faso, au Mali, au Be\u0301nin, au Togo, en Angola, en RDC et au Congo-Brazzaville.<\/p>\n

Pauvres ou riches?<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019histoire libanaise en Afrique suscite de nombreuses interrogations sur leur richesse, leurs ro\u0302les et les ste\u0301re\u0301otypes associe\u0301s a\u0300 leur pre\u0301sence.<\/p>\n

Leur transformation, de vendeurs ambulants a\u0300 grands hommes d\u2019affaires, alimente les mythes de re\u0301ussite. L\u2019anthropologue libanaise Marwa Chab a mene\u0301 des recherches a\u0300 ce sujet et estime que seuls 10 % sont riches, 70 a\u0300 80 % appartiennent a\u0300 la classe moyenne, et le reste vit dans la pauvrete\u0301 relative.<\/p>\n

Certains continuent le petit commerce dans des conditions pre\u0301caires, be\u0301ne\u0301ficiant souvent du soutien d\u2019associations religieuses.<\/p>\n

La perception des Libanais oscille: tanto\u0302t contributeurs e\u0301conomiques et sociaux, tanto\u0302t accuse\u0301s de pratiques comme la spe\u0301culation, l\u2019e\u0301conomie informelle, la fraude fiscale, ou encore le trafic de drogues, d\u2019armes ou de diamants.<\/p>\n

Ces images contradictoires de\u0301pendent du contexte politique et e\u0301conomique local, bien que les entrepreneurs libanais soient ge\u0301ne\u0301ralement respecte\u0301s, surtout dans les pays stables.<\/p>\n

Poids e\u0301conomique<\/b><\/p>\n

La communaute\u0301 libanaise de Co\u0302te d\u2019Ivoire est la plus nombreuse et la plus influente e\u0301conomiquement. En 2018, on y recensait plus de 3 000 entreprises libanaises dans l\u2019immobilier, le transport, l\u2019industrie et la distribution, repre\u0301sentant environ 8 % du PIB.<\/p>\n

Le Nigeria est devenu, au cours de la dernie\u0300re de\u0301cennie, un po\u0302le d\u2019attraction majeur pour les entrepreneurs libanais cherchant a\u0300 diversifier leurs investissements.<\/p>\n

En 2018, la chambre de commerce franco-libanaise indiquait que les Libanais contribuaient a\u0300 hauteur de 50 % a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301conomie du Liberia, et de 25 % a\u0300 celle du Ghana.<\/p>\n

Influence politique<\/b><\/p>\n

Leur ro\u0302le e\u0301conomique s\u2019e\u0301tend parfois a\u0300 l\u2019influence politique, bien que, contrairement a\u0300 leurs compatriotes d\u2019Ame\u0301rique latine, leur implication politique reste limite\u0301e a\u0300 des relations avec certains ministres ou chefs d\u2019E\u0301tat pour de\u0301fendre leurs inte\u0301re\u0302ts.<\/p>\n

Socialement, les Libanais ne se sont pas totalement inte\u0301gre\u0301s aux socie\u0301te\u0301s africaines, souvent en raison de facteurs culturels et familiaux, vivant dans des re\u0301seaux communautaires propres.<\/p>\n

Avec le temps, des barrie\u0300res ont commence\u0301 a\u0300 tomber, surtout la\u0300 ou\u0300 l\u2019obtention de la nationalite\u0301 leur a e\u0301te\u0301 permise.<\/p>\n

Une nouvelle ge\u0301ne\u0301ration commence a\u0300 se sentir pleinement appartenir a\u0300 ces terres d\u2019accueil, tout en gardant un lien profond avec le Liban, comme c\u2019est souvent le cas chez les diasporas du monde entier.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. Quand on e\u0301voque l\u2019e\u0301migration libanaise, on pense souvent a\u0300 l\u2019Ame\u0301rique du Nord (E\u0301tats-Unis et Canada) ou a\u0300 l\u2019Ame\u0301rique latine, ou\u0300 les descendants des Phe\u0301niciens ont connu des re\u0301ussites e\u0301conomiques, politiques et litte\u0301raires notables. Mais un examen approfondi de cette diaspora met en lumie\u0300re d’autres destinations majeures comme l\u2019Afrique, l\u2019Australie, l\u2019Europe, et les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":68269,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-68270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nE\u0301Migration des Libanais en Afrique: de Marchands A\u0300 Leaders - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quand on e\u0301voque l\u2019e\u0301migration libanaise, on pense souvent a\u0300 l\u2019Ame\u0301rique du Nord (E\u0301tats-Unis et Canada) ou a\u0300 l\u2019Ame\u0301ri ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"E\u0301Migration des Libanais en Afrique: de Marchands A\u0300 Leaders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Quand on e\u0301voque l\u2019e\u0301migration libanaise, on pense souvent a\u0300 l\u2019Ame\u0301rique du Nord (E\u0301tats-Unis et Canada) ou a\u0300 l\u2019Ame\u0301ri ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Senegal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-21T10:47:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-21T11:59:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/senegal\/sites\/13\/2025\/05\/sm_1747815904.5037.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"E\u0301Migration des Libanais en Afrique: de Marchands A\u0300 Leaders\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-21T10:47:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-21T11:59:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders\"},\"wordCount\":921,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/senegal\/sites\/13\/2025\/05\/sm_1747815904.5037.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Senegal\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Dossiers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/emigration-des-libanais-en-afrique-de-marchands-a-leaders\",\"name\":\"E\u0301Migration des Libanais en Afrique: de Marchands A\u0300 Leaders - 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