{"id":70401,"date":"2025-08-02T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/percee-des-implants-cerebraux-depuis-2019"},"modified":"2025-08-05T22:22:55","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T22:22:55","slug":"percee-des-implants-cerebraux-depuis-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/percee-des-implants-cerebraux-depuis-2019","title":{"rendered":"Perc\u00e9e des Implants C\u00e9r\u00e9braux depuis 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Depuis l\u2019an 2000, plusieurs paralyse\u0301s se sont leve\u0301s et ont remarche\u0301. En particulier gra\u0302ce aux implants ce\u0301re\u0301braux les plus aboutis, conc\u0327us a\u0300 Grenoble par des scientifiques du centre de recherches Clinatec. Ainsi, en 2019, un te\u0301traple\u0301gique s\u2019est de\u0301place\u0301 en contro\u0302lant un exosquelette par la pense\u0301e. En 2023, le dispositif a permis a\u0300 un autre patient te\u0301traple\u0301gique (a\u0300 la suite d\u2019une le\u0301sion de la colonne verte\u0301brale) de remarcher, gra\u0302ce a\u0300 un implant localise\u0301 dans sa moelle e\u0301pinie\u0300re.<\/p>\n

Dans le premier cas, l\u2019implant de\u0301codait la volonte\u0301 du patient ; dans le deuxie\u0300me, il activait les nerfs contro\u0302lant ses jambes, contournant ainsi la le\u0301sion qui ne permet plus la connexion normale entre cerveau et membres infe\u0301rieurs.<\/p>\n

Lire l\u2019activite\u0301 du cerveau pour la transformer en commande<\/b><\/p>\n

Contro\u0302ler un ordinateur par la pense\u0301e, de\u0301coder la parole, transformer la volonte\u0301 de l\u2019utilisateur en commande pour des robots… Les implants ce\u0301re\u0301braux promettent de re\u0301volutionner la prise en charge des personnes avec un handicap moteur. Une soixantaine de personnes ont de\u0301ja\u0300 utilise\u0301 l\u2019un de ces dispositifs, principalement aux E\u0301tats-Unis. Dans presque tous les cas, l\u2019utilisateur e\u0301tait paralyse\u0301 en raison d\u2019un traumatisme de la colonne verte\u0301brale, une maladie neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301rative ou un accident vasculaire ce\u0301re\u0301bral.<\/p>\n

Le principe de ces implants consiste a\u0300 lire l\u2019activite\u0301 du cerveau pour ensuite envoyer cette information a\u0300 un ordinateur ou\u0300 elle sera de\u0301code\u0301e et transforme\u0301e en commande. Ainsi, une machine peut accomplir l\u2019action que l\u2019utilisateur ne peut plus faire lui-me\u0302me en raison de son handicap.<\/p>\n

Une re\u0301volution qui ne fait que commencer<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019exemple le plus me\u0301diatise\u0301 de ces interfaces cerveau-machine est celui de Neuralink, entreprise du milliardaire ame\u0301ricain Elon Musk. Trois personnes ont de\u0301ja\u0300 rec\u0327u un de ses dispositifs, qui leur a permis de contro\u0302ler un ordinateur et de jouer a\u0300 des jeux vide\u0301o. Le dernier coup me\u0301diatique de la start-up date du 28 avril, lorsque l\u2019un de ces utilisateurs, atteint de la maladie de Charcot, ne pouvant plus bouger que ses yeux et devant utiliser un appareil pour la respiration, a mis en ligne une vide\u0301o. Il y explique avoir re\u0301alise\u0301 toute l\u2019e\u0301dition de la vide\u0301o en de\u0301plac\u0327ant la souris par la pense\u0301e. De me\u0302me pour le texte qui a ensuite e\u0301te\u0301 lu par une intelligence artificielle imitant sa voix d\u2019avant la maladie.<\/p>\n

De nouveaux implants voient le jour re\u0301gulie\u0300rement. Certains parviennent aujourd\u2019hui a\u0300 de\u0301coder directement la volonte\u0301 de parole du patient, avec une fiabilite\u0301 pouvant atteindre 97 %. Le dernier en date est celui de\u0301veloppe\u0301 en Australie par la compagnie de biotech Synchron pour piloter des objets par la pense\u0301e. Beaucoup moins invasif que ses pre\u0301de\u0301cesseurs, il est introduit par la veine jugulaire afin d\u2019atteindre le cerveau. Et une dizaine d\u2019autres types d\u2019implants sont en phase de test. La re\u0301volution des implants ce\u0301re\u0301braux ne fait que commencer.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. Depuis l\u2019an 2000, plusieurs paralyse\u0301s se sont leve\u0301s et ont remarche\u0301. En particulier gra\u0302ce aux implants ce\u0301re\u0301braux les plus aboutis, conc\u0327us a\u0300 Grenoble par des scientifiques du centre de recherches Clinatec. Ainsi, en 2019, un te\u0301traple\u0301gique s\u2019est de\u0301place\u0301 en contro\u0302lant un exosquelette par la pense\u0301e. En 2023, le dispositif a permis a\u0300 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":70400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-70401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nPerc\u00e9e des Implants C\u00e9r\u00e9braux depuis 2019 - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Depuis l\u2019an 2000, plusieurs paralyse\u0301s se sont leve\u0301s et ont remarche\u0301. 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