{"id":70832,"date":"2025-08-26T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine"},"modified":"2025-08-27T18:33:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T18:33:25","slug":"premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine","title":{"rendered":"Premi\u00e8re X\u00e9nogreffe Pulmonaire Cochon-Humain en Chine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>La premie\u0300re xe\u0301nogreffe d\u2019un poumon, du cochon vers l\u2019humain, a e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301alise\u0301e en Chine, a\u0300 l\u2019ho\u0302pital universitaire de Guangzhou. Cette technique, destine\u0301e a\u0300 pallier la pe\u0301nurie d\u2019organes, a de\u0301ja\u0300 e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301alise\u0301e sur des c\u0153urs et des reins. Pour cette expe\u0301rience ine\u0301dite, aucun incident majeur n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 constate\u0301 durant les neuf jours qui ont suivi la greffe.<\/p>\n

Avec une taille similaire aux organes humains et faciles a\u0300 modifier ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement, les organes de cochons sont privile\u0301gie\u0301s pour les xe\u0301nogreffes, les greffes de l\u2019animal vers l\u2019humain. Pour la premie\u0300re fois, un poumon de cochon ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement modifie\u0301 a e\u0301te\u0301 greffe\u0301 sur un receveur de 39 ans en e\u0301tat de mort ence\u0301phalique en Chine. Si un tel receveur a e\u0301te\u0301 choisi pour l\u2019ope\u0301ration, c\u2019est parce que l\u2019objectif de la greffe consistait avant tout a\u0300 savoir si la xe\u0301nogreffe de poumons, de cochon a\u0300 humain, pourrait repre\u0301senter une piste inte\u0301ressante. Plus pre\u0301cise\u0301ment, l\u2019e\u0301quipe explique avoir voulu savoir si un rejet hyperai\u0308gu \u2013 un rejet qui survient directement apre\u0300s l\u2019ope\u0301ration- pouvait e\u0302tre e\u0301vite\u0301. L\u2019occasion aussi de comprendre comment le syste\u0300me immunitaire humain re\u0301pondait aux poumons d\u2019un cochon ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement modifie\u0301. Une premie\u0300re e\u0301tape cruciale avant de pouvoir envisager des xe\u0301nogreffes de poumons de cochons sur des receveurs classiques, dans le but de leur permettre de poursuivre leur vie.<\/p>\n

Or la greffe de poumon fait partie des ope\u0301rations de greffe les plus complique\u0301es. \u00ab Les poumons s\u2019ave\u0300rent plus difficiles a\u0300 greffer que d\u2019autres organes a\u0300 cause de leur complexite\u0301 anatomique et physiologique. A l\u2019inverse des reins ou du c\u0153ur, le haut de\u0301bit de sang et l\u2019exposition externe a\u0300 l\u2019air font du poumon un organe particulie\u0300rement vulne\u0301rable aux attaques immunitaires, aux proble\u0300mes ische\u0301miques lie\u0301s a\u0300 la reperfusion (lorsque l\u2019organe greffe\u0301 est a\u0300 nouveau irrigue\u0301 par le sang, ndlr) \u00bb, de\u0301crivent les chercheurs dans Nature medicine. Autant de facteurs qui pre\u0301cipitent l\u2019e\u0301chec de la greffe.<\/p>\n

Neuf jours d\u2019observation<\/b><\/p>\n

Mais cette premie\u0300re tentative s\u2019est ave\u0301re\u0301e pluto\u0302t positive. Dans le cas de ce receveur de 39 ans, les parame\u0300tres physiologiques (tempe\u0301rature du corps, fre\u0301quence cardiaque, etc) et he\u0301modynamiques (pression arte\u0301rielle, de\u0301bit cardiaque, etc) sont reste\u0301s stables durant la pe\u0301riode d\u2019observation de 216 heures, soit neuf jours, jusqu\u2019a\u0300 ce que l\u2019e\u0301tude ne se termine. Le poumon de cochon a de\u0301montre\u0301 une bonne viabilite\u0301 et ainsi qu\u2019une bonne capacite\u0301 a\u0300 se remplir d\u2019air apre\u0300s la reperfusion, le moment ou\u0300 le sang fait son retour dans les tissus de l\u2019organe greffe\u0301. Autre bonne nouvelle, les analyses n\u2019ont pas indique\u0301 d\u2019infection active apre\u0300s la transplantation.<\/p>\n

Bien qu\u2019un rejet hyperai\u0308gu ait pu e\u0302tre e\u0301vite\u0301, l\u2019e\u0301quipe indique avoir observe\u0301 \u00ab un oede\u0300me pulmonaire ainsi qu\u2019une re\u0301ponse inflammatoire pre\u0301coce localise\u0301e, caracte\u0301rise\u0301e par un niveau e\u0301leve\u0301 de cytokines inflammatoires et une infiltration de macrophages \u00bb, expliquent les me\u0301decins. En clair, les analyses ont de\u0301tecte\u0301 deux me\u0301canismes cle\u0301 du syste\u0300me immunitaie, qui montrent une re\u0301action locale a\u0300 l\u2019encontre de l\u2019organe geffe\u0301: une prote\u0301ine du syste\u0300me inflammatoire qui active les autres cellules inflammatoires et un type de globule blanc qui amplifie l\u2019inflammation.<\/p>\n

Optimiser la greffe autant que possible<\/b><\/p>\n

Parmi les facteurs qui augmentent le risque de dysfonction du greffon figurent l\u2019incompatibilite\u0301 de coagulation entre le porc et l\u2019humain. En effet, la coagulation, charge\u0301e de former des caillots pour arre\u0302ter les saignements, diffe\u0300re entre les espe\u0300ces. Les me\u0302mes prote\u0301ines n\u2019entrent pas en jeu. Pour contourner cette difficulte\u0301, le cochon duquel a e\u0301te\u0301 pre\u0301leve\u0301 le poumon a e\u0301te\u0301 ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement modifie\u0301 avant le pre\u0301le\u0300vement du poumon.<\/p>\n

Deux ge\u0300nes humains protecteurs (EPCR et TBM) ont e\u0301te\u0301 inse\u0301re\u0301s dans son ge\u0301nome afin de re\u0301guler la coagulation. Ajoute\u0301 a\u0300 cela, l\u2019e\u0301quipe s\u2019est servie d\u2019une technique appele\u0301e VA-ECMO (pour oxyge\u0301nation par membrane extracorporelle veino-arte\u0301rielle) une fois la transplantation termine\u0301e. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un circuit faisant circuler le sang en dehors du corps, pour le faire passer par une machine qui le re\u0301-oxyge\u0300ne avant de le renvoyer dans l\u2019organisme. Ce dispositif permet, dans le cas de cette xe\u0301nogreffe, de prote\u0301ger le greffon de le\u0301sions pre\u0301coces et de lui laisser le temps de s\u2019adapter.<\/p>\n

Si dans l\u2019ensemble, aucune dysfonction majeure n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 constate\u0301e, l\u2019e\u0301quipe souligne tout de me\u0302me un possible biais. En effet, le receveur avait conserve\u0301 un de ses poumons et un seul poumon de cochon lui a e\u0301te\u0301 transplante\u0301, \u00ab ce qui pourrait avoir influence\u0301 a\u0300 la fois la greffe et la re\u0301ponse immunitaire. Cela rend difficile d\u2019estimer la viabilite\u0301 d\u2019une xe\u0301notransplantation d\u2019un poumon unique a\u0300 long terme. \u00bb<\/p>\n

La premie\u0300re pierre de la xe\u0301notransplantation de poumons vient en tout cas d\u2019e\u0302tre pose\u0301e. La premie\u0300re greffe de c\u0153ur de porc sur humain vivant avait, elle, eu lieu en 2022. Le receveur avait alors surve\u0301cu environ deux mois, avant de de\u0301ce\u0301der d\u2019une infection lie\u0301e a\u0300 la transplantation. Le premier rein de porc sur receveur vivant avait ensuite e\u0301te\u0301 greffe\u0301 en mars 2024. Le receveur est lui aussi de\u0301ce\u0301de\u0301 mais de causes e\u0301trange\u0300res a\u0300 la xe\u0301nogreffe. Enfin, le premier foie de porc a e\u0301te\u0301 greffe\u0301 en mars 2025 sur un patient en e\u0301tat de mort ence\u0301phalique. Il avait fonctionne\u0301 pendant 10 jours.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. La premie\u0300re xe\u0301nogreffe d\u2019un poumon, du cochon vers l\u2019humain, a e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301alise\u0301e en Chine, a\u0300 l\u2019ho\u0302pital universitaire de Guangzhou. Cette technique, destine\u0301e a\u0300 pallier la pe\u0301nurie d\u2019organes, a de\u0301ja\u0300 e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301alise\u0301e sur des c\u0153urs et des reins. Pour cette expe\u0301rience ine\u0301dite, aucun incident majeur n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 constate\u0301 durant les neuf jours qui […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":70831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-70832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nPremi\u00e8re X\u00e9nogreffe Pulmonaire Cochon-Humain en Chine - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La premie\u0300re xe\u0301nogreffe d\u2019un poumon, du cochon vers l\u2019humain, a e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301alise\u0301e en Chine, a\u0300 l\u2019ho\u0302pital universitaire ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Premi\u00e8re X\u00e9nogreffe Pulmonaire Cochon-Humain en Chine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La premie\u0300re xe\u0301nogreffe d\u2019un poumon, du cochon vers l\u2019humain, a e\u0301te\u0301 re\u0301alise\u0301e en Chine, a\u0300 l\u2019ho\u0302pital universitaire ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Senegal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-26T12:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-27T18:33:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/senegal\/sites\/13\/2025\/08\/sm_1756281267.348129.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Premi\u00e8re X\u00e9nogreffe Pulmonaire Cochon-Humain en Chine\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-26T12:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-27T18:33:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine\"},\"wordCount\":1033,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/senegal\/sites\/13\/2025\/08\/sm_1756281267.348129.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Senegal\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-xenogreffe-pulmonaire-cochon-humain-en-chine\",\"name\":\"Premi\u00e8re X\u00e9nogreffe Pulmonaire Cochon-Humain en Chine - 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