{"id":71397,"date":"2025-09-27T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante"},"modified":"2025-09-28T01:05:50","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T01:05:50","slug":"nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante","title":{"rendered":"Nos Doigts Ont une Origine Tr\u00e8s \u00c9tonnante"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Il y a 380 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, les te\u0301trapodes, repre\u0301sente\u0301s aujourd\u2019hui par les amphibiens, les reptiles, les oiseaux et les mammife\u0300res, s\u2019aventuraient hors de l\u2019eau pour la premie\u0300re fois. Une excursion qui a radicalement change\u0301 la surface de la Terre et suscite\u0301 l\u2019essor de nouvelles formes de vie adapte\u0301es au milieu ae\u0301rien, avec des poumons capables de respirer de l\u2019air et des membres, aptes aux de\u0301placements terrestres, se terminant par des doigts. Comment l\u2019e\u0301volution est-elle parvenue a\u0300 transformer des nageoires en extre\u0301mite\u0301s articule\u0301es et capables de pre\u0301hension? L\u2019ide\u0301e dominante voulait que les doigts soient le prolongement anatomique des rayons des nageoires, remodele\u0301s au fil du temps. Une hypothe\u0300se aujourd\u2019hui fortement bouscule\u0301e.<\/p>\n

Des tours de contro\u0302le ge\u0301ne\u0301tique<\/b><\/p>\n

Une e\u0301quipe internationale pilote\u0301e par l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Gene\u0300ve publie dans la revue Nature une de\u0301couverte inattendue. Selon les re\u0301sultats, les doigts seraient issus non pas de la simple transformation d\u2019une nageoire, mais de la re\u0301utilisation d\u2019un ancien programme ge\u0301ne\u0301tique, d\u2019abord actif dans le cloaque (l\u2019ouverture ou\u0300 convergent les syste\u0300mes digestif, urinaire et reproducteur) des poissons. Pour comprendre ce processus, les chercheurs ont explore\u0301 une partie bien pre\u0301cise du ge\u0301nome: les paysages re\u0301gulateurs. Contrairement aux ge\u0300nes codants, qui ne repre\u0301sentent que 2 % du ge\u0301nome et qui fabriquent les prote\u0301ines, ces re\u0301gions non codantes contro\u0302lent l\u2019expression des ge\u0300nes. Elles de\u0301terminent quand, ou\u0300 et a\u0300 quelle intensite\u0301 un ge\u0300ne s\u2019active. \u00ab C\u2019est un paysage rempli de tours de contro\u0302le qui vont de\u0301cider du de\u0301collage, de l\u2019activation, ou de l\u2019atterrissage, de l\u2019extinction, des ge\u0300nes \u00bb, explique a\u0300 Sciences et Avenir Denis Duboule, professeur a\u0300 l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Gene\u0300ve et au Colle\u0300ge de France et spe\u0301cialiste de l\u2019e\u0301volution des ge\u0301nomes.<\/p>\n

Dans cette e\u0301tude, l\u2019e\u0301quipe s\u2019est concentre\u0301e sur les ge\u0300nes Hox, les ce\u0301le\u0300bres \u00ab ge\u0300nes architectes \u00bb qui dessinent le plan d\u2019organisation du corps. En comparant le ge\u0301nome de la souris et celui du poisson ze\u0300bre, les chercheurs ont repe\u0301re\u0301 un paysage re\u0301gulateur commun aux deux espe\u0300ces, implique\u0301 dans le de\u0301veloppement des doigts chez la souris. Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 la technologie CRISPR\/Cas9, des ciseaux ge\u0301ne\u0301tiques permettant l\u2019e\u0301dition du ge\u0301nome, l\u2019e\u0301quipe a supprime\u0301 cette re\u0301gion chez le poisson. Ils ont alors observe\u0301 la perte d\u2019expression de ge\u0300nes dans le cloaque, mais pas dans les nageoires.<\/p>\n

Une e\u0301volution par recyclage<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00ab Le point commun entre le cloaque et les doigts, c\u2019est qu\u2019ils repre\u0301sentent des parties terminales \u00bb, note, dans un communique\u0301, Aure\u0301lie Hintermann, coautrice de l\u2019e\u0301tude. Ce lien aurait e\u0301te\u0301 suffisant pour activer le me\u0302me programme re\u0301gulateur dans un nouveau contexte morphologique. \u00ab Pluto\u0302t que de construire un nouveau syste\u0300me re\u0301gulateur pour les doigts, la nature a de\u0301tourne\u0301 un dispositif existant, initialement actif dans le cloaque \u00bb, re\u0301sume Denis Duboule. Ce me\u0301canisme permettrait a\u0300 des structures complexes d\u2019e\u0301merger plus rapidement, sans qu\u2019un long processus de mutations successives soit ne\u0301cessaire. Une sorte de raccourci e\u0301volutif.<\/p>\n

Reste la question du moment ou\u0300 ce basculement s\u2019est produit. Selon Denis Duboule, il a du\u0302 se de\u0301rouler chez les poissons sarcopte\u0301rygiens, ces lointains cousins du c\u0153lacanthe et de l\u2019ichthyostega, chez lesquels sont apparus les poumons et les membres charnus. Malheureusement, ces espe\u0300ces sont aujourd\u2019hui impossibles a\u0300 e\u0301tudier en laboratoire: ni le poisson ze\u0300bre, trop de\u0301rive\u0301, ni les poissons cartilagineux, trop e\u0301loigne\u0301s, ne permettent de mode\u0301liser cette transition. \u00ab Les espe\u0300ces mode\u0300les sont choisies pour leur commodite\u0301, mais elles ne sont pas toujours ide\u0301ales pour re\u0301pondre a\u0300 certaines questions cle\u0301s \u00bb, conce\u0300de Denis Duboule.<\/p>\n

Un levier pour de\u0301crypter d\u2019autres transitions?<\/b><\/p>\n

Au-dela\u0300 de la seule origine des doigts, l\u2019e\u0301tude ouvre des perspectives plus larges. En montrant que des paysages re\u0301gulateurs peuvent e\u0302tre re\u0301utilise\u0301s dans des contextes anatomiques diffe\u0301rents, elle offre une piste pour comprendre d\u2019autres grandes transitions e\u0301volutives, souvent mal documente\u0301es, comme l\u2019apparition des membres, de la ma\u0302choire ou de la colonne verte\u0301brale.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Lorsqu\u2019on voit que des paysages de re\u0301gulation entiers ont e\u0301te\u0301 recycle\u0301s, on peut commencer a\u0300 entrevoir une solution a\u0300 la question de la variation, que Darwin laissait en suspens \u00bb, avance Denis Duboule. L\u2019e\u0301volution ne serait pas uniquement le fruit d\u2019une se\u0301lection lente ge\u0301ne\u0301re\u0301e par des mutations ale\u0301atoires mais aussi due a\u0300 la plasticite\u0301 des programmes de re\u0301gulation, capables d\u2019e\u0302tre relocalise\u0301s, rede\u0301ploye\u0301s et de\u0301tourne\u0301s.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. Il y a 380 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, les te\u0301trapodes, repre\u0301sente\u0301s aujourd\u2019hui par les amphibiens, les reptiles, les oiseaux et les mammife\u0300res, s\u2019aventuraient hors de l\u2019eau pour la premie\u0300re fois. Une excursion qui a radicalement change\u0301 la surface de la Terre et suscite\u0301 l\u2019essor de nouvelles formes de vie adapte\u0301es au milieu ae\u0301rien, avec […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":71396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-71397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nNos Doigts Ont une Origine Tr\u00e8s \u00c9tonnante - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il y a 380 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, les te\u0301trapodes, repre\u0301sente\u0301s aujourd\u2019hui par les amphibiens, les reptiles, les oiseaux ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nos Doigts Ont une Origine Tr\u00e8s \u00c9tonnante\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Il y a 380 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, les te\u0301trapodes, repre\u0301sente\u0301s aujourd\u2019hui par les amphibiens, les reptiles, les oiseaux ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Senegal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-27T12:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-28T01:05:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/senegal\/sites\/13\/2025\/09\/sm_1759050258.962951.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"899\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Nos Doigts Ont une Origine Tr\u00e8s \u00c9tonnante\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-27T12:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-28T01:05:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante\"},\"wordCount\":861,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/senegal\/sites\/13\/2025\/09\/sm_1759050258.962951.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Senegal\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/nos-doigts-ont-une-origine-tres-etonnante\",\"name\":\"Nos Doigts Ont une Origine Tr\u00e8s \u00c9tonnante - 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