{"id":71484,"date":"2025-09-30T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/premiere-detection-daurores-boreales-sur-naine-brune"},"modified":"2025-10-04T01:46:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T01:46:59","slug":"premiere-detection-daurores-boreales-sur-naine-brune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/premiere-detection-daurores-boreales-sur-naine-brune","title":{"rendered":"Premi\u00e8re D\u00e9tection D\u2019Aurores Bor\u00e9ales sur Naine Brune"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Les naines brunes sont de\u0301finies comme une cate\u0301gorie d\u2019astre interme\u0301diaire entre une plane\u0300te ge\u0301ante gazeuse et une petite e\u0301toile: en effet, d\u2019une masse typique d\u2019au moins une dizaine de fois celle de Jupiter, ces corps sont trop massifs pour e\u0302tre des plane\u0300tes, mais pas assez pour devenir des e\u0301toiles actives \u2013 c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire effectuant la fusion thermonucle\u0301aire de l\u2019hydroge\u0300ne le\u0301ger en he\u0301lium qui permet de les illuminer. En ce sens, elles correspondent, par analogie, aux plane\u0300tes naines, dont les caracte\u0301ristiques physiques (masse et taille) les situent entre un aste\u0301roi\u0308de et une plane\u0300te tellurique comme Mercure.<\/p>\n<p>Une e\u0301tude re\u0301cente, publie\u0301e dans la revue Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics et dirige\u0301e par des astronomes du Trinity College Dublin (Irlande) au sein d\u2019une vaste collaboration internationale, a effectue\u0301 les premie\u0300res mesures d\u2019activite\u0301 atmosphe\u0301rique sur la naine brune SIMP-0136. Cette dernie\u0300re est situe\u0301e a\u0300 presque 20 anne\u0301es-lumie\u0300re de la Terre, relativement jeune (200 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es), grande comme 1,20 fois le rayon de Jupiter et de\u0301finie par une faible masse (e\u0301quivalente a\u0300 15 fois celle de la plane\u0300te jovienne). Ceci en fait une candidate ide\u0301ale pour la caracte\u0301risation directe des atmosphe\u0300res du fait de son jeune a\u0302ge car les jeunes corps ce\u0301lestes e\u0301mettent davantage de rayonnement thermique, rendant plus facile l\u2019analyse de l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re dans le milieu infrarouge. En outre, cette e\u0301tude atmosphe\u0301rique est optimale pour e\u0301largir le champ de connaissances sur la population des mondes extrasolaires d\u2019apre\u0300s l\u2019article de recherche, de\u0301signant tout astre situe\u0301 en dehors du Syste\u0300me solaire.<\/p>\n<p><b>Une naine brune avec une activite\u0301 atmosphe\u0301rique variable<\/b><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019observation de SIMP-0136 a e\u0301te\u0301 permise par le te\u0301lescope James Webb via la me\u0301thode de la spectroscopie, permettant en outre de de\u0301tecter des mole\u0301cules dans l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re, notamment dans le domaine infrarouge du spectre e\u0301lectromagne\u0301tique. Par ailleurs, l\u2019observation dans le domaine radio re\u0301ve\u0300le l\u2019activite\u0301 variable de la couche gazeuse de la naine brune durant une rotation et apporte un comple\u0301ment de donne\u0301es sur la variabilite\u0301: \u00ab Les diffe\u0301rentes longueurs d\u2019onde de la lumie\u0300re sont relie\u0301es a\u0300 des caracte\u0301ristiques atmosphe\u0301riques diverses. De la me\u0302me fac\u0327on qu\u2019on observe des changements de couleur a\u0300 la surface de la Terre, les changements de couleur de SIMP-0136 sont ge\u0301ne\u0301re\u0301s par des variations des proprie\u0301te\u0301s de l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re \u00bb, comme l\u2019explique Evert Nasedkin, chercheur postdoctoral a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301cole de Physique du Trinity College de Dublin et auteur principal de l\u2019e\u0301tude astrophysique dans un communique\u0301.<\/p>\n<p>Les variations enregistre\u0301es, comme la tempe\u0301rature de surface (s\u2019e\u0301tendant de 970\u00b0C a\u0300 975\u00b0C), seraient principalement lie\u0301es au changement de brillance a\u0300 la surface de la naine brune, qui est elle-me\u0302me cause\u0301e par la couverture nuageuse fluctuante (faite de silicates et de fer), la re\u0301partition de la chaleur ambiante a\u0300 la surface plane\u0301taire, la composition chimique et la pre\u0301sence d\u2019aurores bore\u0301ales dans la haute atmosphe\u0300re.<\/p>\n<p><b>Des aurores qui chauffent la haute atmosphe\u0300re<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Le caracte\u0300re ine\u0301dit de ces multiples observations re\u0301side non seulement dans la toute premie\u0300re de\u0301tection d\u2019une variabilite\u0301 de l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re, mais aussi dans la de\u0301couverte suppose\u0301e d\u2019aurores bore\u0301ales, similaires a\u0300 celles de la Terre ou de Jupiter, dans la stratosphe\u0300re de l\u2019astre brun. L\u2019activite\u0301 aurorale s\u2019ave\u0300re tre\u0300s forte, a\u0300 tel point qu\u2019elle engendre une augmentation de la haute atmosphe\u0300re de 27 \u00b0C. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un phe\u0301nome\u0300ne d\u2019inversion de tempe\u0301rature, fre\u0301quemment rencontre\u0301e dans les atmosphe\u0300res, ou\u0300 la tempe\u0301rature est suppose\u0301e diminue\u0301e avec l\u2019altitude.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, la ge\u0301ne\u0301ration d\u2019aurores bore\u0301ales semble e\u0302tre l\u2019hypothe\u0300se pre\u0301dominante quant a\u0300 cette hausse de tempe\u0301rature en raison d\u2019une probable pre\u0301cipitation d\u2019e\u0301lectrons cosmiques ou d\u2019autres sources de chaleur. La mise en e\u0301vidence de cette variabilite\u0301 permet d\u2019e\u0301laborer les premie\u0300res e\u0301tapes de la visualisation 3D des atmosphe\u0300res substellaires, a\u0300 savoir tout corps de me\u0302me nature qu\u2019une naine brune \u2013 offrant l\u2019avantage d\u2019identifier des taches et des bandes gazeuses, e\u0301galement visibles sur Jupiter avec la grande tache rouge et autres tempe\u0302tes gargantuesques.<\/p>\n<p>Des donne\u0301es supple\u0301mentaires seront ne\u0301cessaires pour e\u0301tudier plus en profondeur la dynamique atmosphe\u0301rique de SIMP-0136 et de\u0301tailler davantage les phe\u0301nome\u0300nes me\u0301te\u0301orologiques gra\u0302ce a\u0300 de futures installations, comme l\u2019affirme Evert Nasedkin: \u00ab Comprendre ces phe\u0301nome\u0300nes me\u0301te\u0301orologiques sera crucial pendant que nous continuons a\u0300 de\u0301couvrir et caracte\u0301riser les exoplane\u0300tes dans le futur. Me\u0302me si ces types d\u2019observations de variabilite\u0301 spectroscopiques sont pour l\u2019heure limite\u0301s aux naines brunes isole\u0301es comme celle-ci, de futures observations avec le Te\u0301lescope extre\u0302mement large (ELT) et l\u2019Observatoire des mondes habitables (HWO) permettront l\u2019e\u0301tude de la dynamique atmosphe\u0301rique des exoplane\u0300tes, allant des ge\u0301antes gazeuses comme Jupiter aux plane\u0300tes rocheuses. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations et d&rsquo;analyses sur la <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Senegal<\/span>, suivez <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Senegal. Les naines brunes sont de\u0301finies comme une cate\u0301gorie d\u2019astre interme\u0301diaire entre une plane\u0300te ge\u0301ante gazeuse et une petite e\u0301toile: en effet, d\u2019une masse typique d\u2019au moins une dizaine de fois celle de Jupiter, ces corps sont trop massifs pour e\u0302tre des plane\u0300tes, mais pas assez pour devenir des e\u0301toiles actives \u2013 c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":71483,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-71484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Premi\u00e8re D\u00e9tection D\u2019Aurores Bor\u00e9ales sur Naine Brune - 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