{"id":71487,"date":"2025-09-30T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/mystere-clinique-des-morsures-de-mambas"},"modified":"2025-10-04T01:50:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T01:50:12","slug":"mystere-clinique-des-morsures-de-mambas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/mystere-clinique-des-morsures-de-mambas","title":{"rendered":"Myst\u00e8re Clinique des Morsures de Mambas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>La morsure des Mambas, les serpents du genre Dendroaspis, est terrible. Si l\u2019antivenin administre\u0301 permet de soulager la victime un certain temps, ensuite son e\u0301tat peut se de\u0301grader de manie\u0300re dramatique. Elle passe d\u2019une paralysie flasque entrai\u0302nant une faiblesse musculaire traite\u0301e par l\u2019antivenin, a\u0300 une paralysie spastique caracte\u0301rise\u0301e par une forte tension musculaire, qui elle n\u2019est pas soulage\u0301e par l\u2019antidote.<\/p>\n

Des chercheurs australiens ont maintenant compris pourquoi. Dans une e\u0301tude publie\u0301e dans la revue spe\u0301cialise\u0301e Toxins le 26 septembre 2025, ils expliquent que trois espe\u0300ces de Mambas attaquent en re\u0301alite\u0301 de deux fac\u0327ons le syste\u0300me nerveux. \u00ab Les serpents Mamba noir, Mamba vert de l\u2019Ouest et Mamba de Jameson n\u2019utilisent pas seulement une seule forme d\u2019arme chimique, ils lancent une attaque coordonne\u0301e en deux points diffe\u0301rents du syste\u0300me nerveux \u00bb, remarque dans un communique\u0301 le professeur Bryan Fry, co-auteur de l\u2019e\u0301tude.<\/p>\n

\u00ab C\u2019est comme traiter une maladie et en re\u0301ve\u0301ler soudainement une autre \u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

La paralysie dite flasque ou molle est cause\u0301e par une neurotoxicite\u0301 post-synaptique: soit les neurotransmetteurs (petits compose\u0301s libe\u0301re\u0301s par un neurone et se fixant aux re\u0301cepteurs d\u2019une autre cellule afin de faire passer le message nerveux) ne sont pas libe\u0301re\u0301s, soit ils ne peuvent pas se fixer sur leurs re\u0301cepteurs situe\u0301s sur le muscle. Cette paralysie est soigne\u0301e par les antivenins.<\/p>\n

Mais ces trois espe\u0300ces de Mambas induisent e\u0301galement une toxicite\u0301 pre\u0301-synaptique de\u0301clenchant une paralysie spastique, selon cette nouvelle e\u0301tude. Dans ce cas, les neurotransmetteurs sont libe\u0301re\u0301s de manie\u0300re excessive ou alors ils ne sont pas de\u0301grade\u0301s ensuite. Et la\u0300, les antivenins n\u2019y peuvent rien.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Cette de\u0301couverte re\u0301sout un myste\u0300re clinique de longue date: pourquoi certains patients mordus par des Mambas semblent initialement aller mieux avec un antivenin et retrouver leur tonus musculaire et leur mouvement, pour ensuite commencer a\u0300 avoir des spasmes douloureux et incontro\u0302le\u0301s \u00bb, reprend le Pr Fry. Dans un premier temps, le venin bloque les signaux nerveux qui atteignent les muscles, mais apre\u0300s l\u2019injection de l\u2019antidote, son autre effet devient visible: le venin peut aussi surstimuler les muscles. \u00ab C\u2019est comme traiter une maladie et en re\u0301ve\u0301ler soudainement une autre \u00bb, selon le chercheur.<\/p>\n

30.000 de\u0301ce\u0300s par an en Afrique subsaharienne<\/b><\/p>\n

En Afrique subsaharienne, on compte environ 500.000 morsures de serpents par an, causant 30.000 de\u0301ce\u0300s. Et ces chiffres sont sous-estime\u0301s. Les chercheurs rappellent que \u00ab toutes les espe\u0300ces de Dendroaspis posse\u0300dent un venin neurotoxique puissant qui peut rapidement induire des fasciculations, un collapsus cardiovasculaire et une paralysie respiratoire chez l\u2019humain, la mort pouvant survenir dans les 45 minutes dans les cas extre\u0302mes \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Cette nouvelle e\u0301tude re\u0301pond donc a\u0300 un important proble\u0300me sanitaire et pourrait permettre de de\u0301velopper un antivenin plus efficace, capable de contrecarrer les deux effets de la substance toxique inocule\u0301e par ces redoutables serpents.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. La morsure des Mambas, les serpents du genre Dendroaspis, est terrible. Si l\u2019antivenin administre\u0301 permet de soulager la victime un certain temps, ensuite son e\u0301tat peut se de\u0301grader de manie\u0300re dramatique. Elle passe d\u2019une paralysie flasque entrai\u0302nant une faiblesse musculaire traite\u0301e par l\u2019antivenin, a\u0300 une paralysie spastique caracte\u0301rise\u0301e par une forte tension […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":71486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-71487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nMyst\u00e8re Clinique des Morsures de Mambas - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La morsure des Mambas, les serpents du genre Dendroaspis, est terrible. 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