{"id":71552,"date":"2025-10-04T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer"},"modified":"2025-10-05T03:20:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T03:20:26","slug":"differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer","title":{"rendered":"Diff\u00e9rences D\u2019Audition entre Poissons D\u2019Eau Douce et de Mer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>A\u0300 partir d\u2019un minuscule poisson du Cre\u0301tace\u0301 repe\u0302che\u0301 en Alberta, une e\u0301quipe internationale de\u0301cale au Jurassique supe\u0301rieur l\u2019e\u0301mergence des poissons a\u0300 oreille dite \u00ab we\u0301be\u0301rienne \u00bb et de\u0301montre que la conque\u0302te des rivie\u0300res s\u2019est faite en deux temps depuis la mer. Les re\u0301sultats sont publie\u0301s dans la revue Science.<\/p>\n<p><b>Diffe\u0301rences d\u2019audition<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Chez les poissons, l\u2019audition n\u2019utilise pas de tympan. Le son traverse le corps, et une poche d\u2019air interne (la vessie gazeuse) capte ces vibrations. La plupart des espe\u0300ces marines transmettent ce signal vers l\u2019oreille interne de manie\u0300re rudimentaire, avec une sensibilite\u0301 limite\u0301e aux basses fre\u0301quences. Les otophysiens qui forment aujourd\u2019hui le groupe dominant des poissons d\u2019eau douce (carpes, cyprinide\u0301s, siluriformes, te\u0301tras, poissons-couteaux), avec plus de 10.000 espe\u0300ces, eux, ont e\u0301volue\u0301 vers un dispositif plus e\u0301labore\u0301: l\u2019appareil de Weber. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un enchai\u0302nement de petits os (les ossicules we\u0301be\u0301riens) qui relient la vessie gazeuse a\u0300 l\u2019oreille interne pour amplifier et e\u0301tendre la bande passante auditive. Concre\u0300tement, un te\u0301tra ou un poisson-ze\u0300bre perc\u0327oit des sons jusqu\u2019a\u0300 environ 15.000 Hz, ce qui est proche des performances humaines, quand nombre d\u2019espe\u0300ces marines restent cantonne\u0301es sous 200 Hz.<\/p>\n<p>La nouvelle e\u0301tude de\u0301crit Acronichthys maccagnoi, un poisson d\u2019environ deux centime\u0300tres conserve\u0301 au Royal Tyrrell Museum et date\u0301 de 67 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es. Des micro-scans 3D re\u0301alise\u0301s au Canada ont re\u0301ve\u0301le\u0301 des ossicules intacts. En mode\u0301lisant leur comportement, l\u2019e\u0301quipe montre qu\u2019ils fonctionnaient de\u0301ja\u0300 comme un \u00ab amplificateur \u00bb comparable a\u0300 celui d\u2019un poisson-ze\u0300bre actuel. Des re\u0301sultats qui permettent de reconstruire une phyloge\u0301nie inte\u0301grant des caracte\u0300res morphologiques et ge\u0301nomiques de ligne\u0301es actuelles.<\/p>\n<p><b>Un nouveau sce\u0301nario avec deux excursions en eau douce<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Les pale\u0301ontologues pensaient que les poissons dote\u0301s d\u2019un syste\u0300me auditif de Weber e\u0301taient arrive\u0301s en eau douce il y a environ 180 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, avant que le supercontinent de la Pange\u0301e ne se divise en continents tels que nous les connaissons aujourd\u2019hui. D\u2019apre\u0300s la nouvelle chronologie, leur apparition semble bien plus tardive \u2013 il y a environ 154 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, a\u0300 la fin du Jurassique \u2013 apre\u0300s le de\u0301but de la dislocation de la Pange\u0301e et l\u2019apparition des oce\u0301ans actuels.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019analyse des donne\u0301es fossiles et ge\u0301nomiques sugge\u0300re que les poissons ont initialement de\u0301veloppe\u0301 les os pre\u0301curseurs de leur audition exceptionnelle alors qu\u2019ils e\u0301taient encore dans l\u2019oce\u0301an. Ce n\u2019est que plus tard qu\u2019ils ont acquis une audition ame\u0301liore\u0301e pleinement fonctionnelle, apre\u0300s le passage de deux ligne\u0301es distinctes en eau douce: l\u2019une a donne\u0301 naissance aux poissons-chats, aux poissons-couteaux et aux te\u0301tras d\u2019Afrique et d\u2019Ame\u0301rique du Sud ; l\u2019autre a e\u0301volue\u0301 vers les carpes, les meuniers, les vairons et les poissons-ze\u0300bres.<\/p>\n<p>La raison pour laquelle les poissons d\u2019eau douce ont besoin d\u2019entendre des fre\u0301quences e\u0301leve\u0301es reste un myste\u0300re, mais cela pourrait s\u2019expliquer par le fait qu\u2019ils vivent dans des environnements varie\u0301s et complexes, des cours d\u2019eau avec des rapides jusqu\u2019aux lacs ferme\u0301s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations et d&rsquo;analyses sur la <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Senegal<\/span>, suivez <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Senegal. A\u0300 partir d\u2019un minuscule poisson du Cre\u0301tace\u0301 repe\u0302che\u0301 en Alberta, une e\u0301quipe internationale de\u0301cale au Jurassique supe\u0301rieur l\u2019e\u0301mergence des poissons a\u0300 oreille dite \u00ab we\u0301be\u0301rienne \u00bb et de\u0301montre que la conque\u0302te des rivie\u0300res s\u2019est faite en deux temps depuis la mer. Les re\u0301sultats sont publie\u0301s dans la revue Science. Diffe\u0301rences d\u2019audition Chez [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":71551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-71552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Diff\u00e9rences D\u2019Audition entre Poissons D\u2019Eau Douce et de Mer - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A\u0300 partir d\u2019un minuscule poisson du Cre\u0301tace\u0301 repe\u0302che\u0301 en Alberta, une e\u0301quipe internationale de\u0301cale au Jurassique sup ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diff\u00e9rences D\u2019Audition entre Poissons D\u2019Eau Douce et de Mer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A\u0300 partir d\u2019un minuscule poisson du Cre\u0301tace\u0301 repe\u0302che\u0301 en Alberta, une e\u0301quipe internationale de\u0301cale au Jurassique sup ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Senegal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-04T12:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-05T03:20:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/senegal\/sites\/13\/2025\/10\/sm_1759663061.838121.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"901\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Diff\u00e9rences D\u2019Audition entre Poissons D\u2019Eau Douce et de Mer\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-04T12:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-05T03:20:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer\"},\"wordCount\":605,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/senegal\/sites\/13\/2025\/10\/sm_1759663061.838121.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Senegal\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/differences-daudition-entre-poissons-deau-douce-et-de-mer\",\"name\":\"Diff\u00e9rences D\u2019Audition entre Poissons D\u2019Eau Douce et de Mer - 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