{"id":72646,"date":"2025-11-15T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/le-fleau-du-prosopis-en-ethiopie"},"modified":"2025-11-16T03:05:34","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T03:05:34","slug":"le-fleau-du-prosopis-en-ethiopie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/le-fleau-du-prosopis-en-ethiopie","title":{"rendered":"Le Fl\u00e9au du Prosopis en \u00c9thiopie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>A cause de cette plante, nous sommes devenus pauvres \u00bb, s\u2019e\u0301meut l\u2019e\u0301leveuse Khadija Humed. Introduit pour lutter contre la de\u0301sertification, le prosopis se re\u0301pand de\u0301sormais en Ethiopie, menac\u0327ant l\u2019e\u0301cosyste\u0300me et la survie des communaute\u0301s locales. Ce petit arbre e\u0301pineux originaire d\u2019Ame\u0301rique latine a e\u0301te\u0301 plante\u0301 pour la premie\u0300re fois dans les anne\u0301es 1970 dans la re\u0301gion de l\u2019Afar (nord-est), ou\u0300 vit Khadija Humed, et au Kenya voisin.<\/p>\n

Re\u0301sistant aux fortes chaleurs, le prosopis portait initialement la promesse, pour cette re\u0301gion aride, de re\u0301duire l\u2019e\u0301rosion des sols, re\u0301guler le microclimat, servir d\u2019ombrage et favoriser la production de charbon de bois. Mais aujourd\u2019hui, les prosopis, aux longues branches e\u0301pineuses et qui peuvent mesurer jusqu\u2019a\u0300 une dizaine de me\u0300tres de haut, s\u2019e\u0301tendent a\u0300 perte de vue sur les vastes plaines de la re\u0301gion.<\/p>\n

Chacun d\u2019entre eux peut pomper jusqu\u2019a\u0300 sept litres d\u2019eau par jour gra\u0302ce a\u0300 ses longues racines, asse\u0301chant les terres et entravant l\u2019agriculture. L\u2019arbre est e\u0301galement nuisible pour le cheptel des pastoralistes, nombreux dans l\u2019est de l\u2019Ethiopie. \u00ab La plante s\u2019est retourne\u0301e contre nous, de\u0301plore Hailu Shiferaw, chercheur au Centre e\u0301thiopien de ressources pour l\u2019eau et la terre, interroge\u0301 par l\u2019AFP. Personne n\u2019aurait pu pre\u0301voir ses effets ne\u0301fastes. \u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab Tout a change\u0301 \u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

Pre\u0300s d\u2019Awash, une ville a\u0300 environ 200 kilome\u0300tres de la capitale Addis Abeba, le prosopsis a \u00ab envahi \u00bb tout le village de Khadija Humed, regrette cette femme qui ne connai\u0302t pas son a\u0302ge, mais affirme a\u0300 l\u2019AFP avoir \u00ab plus de 40 ans \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Personnellement, j\u2019ai dix vaches et plus de 20 che\u0300vres et moutons. Mais avant le prosopis, les gens ici avaient entre 50 et 100 te\u0302tes de be\u0301tail \u00bb, te\u0301moigne-t-elle. \u00ab Les gousses rendent les vaches malades, bloquent leur bouche et leur estomac, et beaucoup meurent \u00bb, appauvrissant les communaute\u0301s, e\u0301nume\u0300re-t-elle. Depuis l\u2019arrive\u0301e de l\u2019arbre dans la re\u0301gion, \u00ab tout a change\u0301 \u00bb, de\u0301nonce Yusuf Mohammed, 76 ans, expliquant que son feuillage dense attire des animaux sauvages, qui attaquent le be\u0301tail.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Des lions, des hye\u0300nes, des chats sauvages et des renards ont envahi nos villages \u00bb, regrette le vieil homme. \u00ab Les e\u0301pines du prosopis blessent nos animaux, les rendant trop faibles pour parcourir de longues distances a\u0300 la recherche de nourriture. Leur e\u0301tat se de\u0301te\u0301riore \u00bb, de\u0301plore Yusuf Mohammed, qui habite pre\u0300s d\u2019Awash.<\/p>\n

Le prosopis fait partie des espe\u0300ces exotiques envahissantes qui ont e\u0301te\u0301 introduites par l\u2019homme et menacent la qualite\u0301 de vie sur terre. Dans un rapport publie\u0301 en 2023, l\u2019agence onusienne pour la biodiversite\u0301 (IPBES) a estime\u0301 le cou\u0302t global des quelque 3.500 espe\u0300ces invasives a\u0300 423 milliards de dollars, l\u2019e\u0301quivalent du PIB du Danemark.<\/p>\n

Un montant \u00ab probablement grandement sous-estime\u0301 \u00bb, qui quadruple chaque de\u0301cennie depuis 1970, souligne cet organisme, conside\u0301re\u0301 comme le \u00ab GIEC de la biodiversite\u0301 \u00bb. Pour Ketema Bekele, professeur associe\u0301 d\u2019e\u0301conomie environnementale a\u0300 l\u2019universite\u0301 e\u0301thiopienne d\u2019Haramaya, les pertes e\u0301conomiques cause\u0301es par le prosopis dans l\u2019Afar \u00ab s\u2019e\u0301le\u0300vent a\u0300 602 millions de dollars (517 millions d\u2019euros) au cours des 30 dernie\u0300res anne\u0301es, soit environ quatre fois le budget annuel de cette re\u0301gion \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Hors de contro\u0302le \u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

Le prosopis, \u00ab hors de contro\u0302le \u00bb, a envahi quelque 20.000 km2 dans l\u2019Afar et se re\u0301pand dans les re\u0301gions voisines de l\u2019Amhara et de l\u2019Oromia, pointe-t-il.<\/p>\n

Selon un article publie\u0301 en de\u0301cembre 2024 dans le \u00ab Journal of Environmental Management \u00bb, la surface couverte par la plante a quadruple\u0301 en Ethiopie, passant de 2,16% en 2003 a\u0300 8,61% en 2023, tandis que les pa\u0302turages ont diminue\u0301 de plus de 25%. D\u2019ici 2060, la plante \u00ab pourrait occuper 22 % des terres \u00bb e\u0301thiopiennes, ge\u0301ant d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Est d\u2019environ 1,1 million de km2, selon cette publication. Sa propagation est facilite\u0301e par les chameaux, nombreux dans la re\u0301gion, qui mangent les gousses de l\u2019arbre et re\u0301pandent ses graines dans leurs de\u0301jections.<\/p>\n

Pour tenter de contenir la menace, l\u2019ONG CARE a monte\u0301 depuis 2022 plusieurs programmes en Afar: les feuilles se\u0301che\u0301es du prosopis, me\u0301lange\u0301es a\u0300 d\u2019autres ce\u0301re\u0301ales, sont transforme\u0301es en nourriture animale. La plante sert aussi a\u0300 confectionner des parpaings et briquettes de charbon de bois.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ONG, avec le soutien du fonds danois Danida, de\u0301racine e\u0301galement les prosopis pour les remplacer par des arbres fruitiers, permettant aux communaute\u0301s locales de vendre la production sur les marche\u0301s.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Cela nous a pris 20 jours pour les retirer sur cette parcelle \u00bb de plusieurs hectares, souligne Dawud Mohammed, responsable des ope\u0301rations de CARE en Afar. Mais si le le fle\u0301au est \u00ab contro\u0302lable \u00bb, \u00ab nous ne pouvons pas y faire face seuls \u00bb, avance M. Dawud, qui estime que \u00ab cela ne\u0301cessite des ressources \u00bb. En attendant, des colonnes de chameaux continuent de s\u2019e\u0301lancer sur les plaines de l\u2019Afar, et dispersent inexorablement le prosopis.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. A cause de cette plante, nous sommes devenus pauvres \u00bb, s\u2019e\u0301meut l\u2019e\u0301leveuse Khadija Humed. Introduit pour lutter contre la de\u0301sertification, le prosopis se re\u0301pand de\u0301sormais en Ethiopie, menac\u0327ant l\u2019e\u0301cosyste\u0300me et la survie des communaute\u0301s locales. Ce petit arbre e\u0301pineux originaire d\u2019Ame\u0301rique latine a e\u0301te\u0301 plante\u0301 pour la premie\u0300re fois dans les anne\u0301es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":72645,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-72646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Fl\u00e9au du Prosopis en \u00c9thiopie - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A cause de cette plante, nous sommes devenus pauvres \u00bb, s\u2019e\u0301meut l\u2019e\u0301leveuse Khadija Humed. 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