{"id":73010,"date":"2025-11-29T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/sommes-nous-sensibles-aux-pheromones"},"modified":"2025-11-29T20:41:55","modified_gmt":"2025-11-29T20:41:55","slug":"sommes-nous-sensibles-aux-pheromones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/toutes-les-actualites\/sommes-nous-sensibles-aux-pheromones","title":{"rendered":"Sommes-Nous Sensibles aux Phe\u0301romones?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Comment les phe\u0301romones agissent sur les humains? \u00bb, nous demande David Mathon sur notre page Facebook. C\u2019est notre question de lecteur de la semaine. Merci a\u0300 toutes et tous pour votre participation.<\/p>\n

Lorsque l\u2019on e\u0301voque les phe\u0301romones, l\u2019imaginaire collectif s\u2019emballe aussito\u0302t: une chimie invisible qui, comme chez les insectes ou certains mammife\u0300res, re\u0300glerait nos attirances et orienterait nos comportements. Pourtant, de\u0300s que la science se penche sur ces signaux chez l\u2019e\u0302tre humain, les certitudes s\u2019effritent. Les travaux expe\u0301rimentaux, anciens comme re\u0301cents, convergent vers une me\u0302me conclusion: si une communication chimique existe chez nous, elle ne ressemble en rien au mode\u0300le animal classique. Et surtout, elle reste a\u0300 de\u0301montrer !<\/p>\n

Des parfums \u00ab aphrodisiaques \u00bb?<\/b><\/p>\n

Une e\u0301tude parue en 2017 dans la revue Royal Society Open Science s\u2019est penche\u0301e sur deux mole\u0301cules longtemps mises en avant par l\u2019industrie des parfums \u00ab aphrodisiaques \u00bb: l\u2019androstadie\u0301none et l\u2019estrate\u0301trae\u0301nol. Commercialise\u0301es depuis les anne\u0301es 1990 comme des \u00ab phe\u0301romones humaines \u00bb, ces substances n\u2019avaient pourtant jamais e\u0301te\u0301 valide\u0301es scientifiquement.<\/p>\n

Pour les tester, les chercheurs australiens ont expose\u0301 94 volontaires he\u0301te\u0301rosexuels (43 hommes et 51 femmes) a\u0300 ces compose\u0301s, puis a\u0300 un parfum te\u0301moin le lendemain. Les participants devaient ensuite de\u0301terminer le sexe de visages neutres ou e\u0301valuer la se\u0301duction et le risque d\u2019infide\u0301lite\u0301 de personnes du sexe oppose\u0301. Si ces mole\u0301cules agissaient comme de ve\u0301ritables phe\u0301romones, elles auraient du\u0302 influencer ces jugements. Or, aucune diffe\u0301rence statistiquement significative n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 observe\u0301e. \u00ab Les re\u0301sultats concordent avec ceux d\u2019autres e\u0301tudes expe\u0301rimentales qui sugge\u0300rent que ces deux mole\u0301cules ont peu de chances d\u2019e\u0302tre des phe\u0301romones humaines \u00bb ayant un impact sur l\u2019e\u0302tre humain, concluaient les auteurs de l\u2019e\u0301tude.<\/p>\n

Certains travaux de\u0301crivent de le\u0301ge\u0300res modifications de l\u2019humeur ou de l\u2019attention concernant l\u2019androstadie\u0301none, mais des e\u0301tudes leur reprochent leur protocole peu rigoureux, leur faible e\u0301chantillon et leur situation e\u0301loigne\u0301e de conditions re\u0301elles.<\/p>\n

Une phe\u0301romone implique un me\u0301canisme inne\u0301, universel et reproductible<\/b><\/p>\n

Cette prudence scientifique n\u2019a pas e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301mentie ces dernie\u0300res anne\u0301es. En 2023, une e\u0301quipe de recherche dirige\u0301e par le Tche\u0300que Jan Havli\u0301c\u030cek publie une vaste synthe\u0300se dans la revue Perspectives on Psychological Science, dressant l\u2019e\u0301tat des lieux de la communication chimique humaine. Elle explique que notre odorat est beaucoup plus fin qu\u2019on ne l\u2019a longtemps dit: nous e\u0301mettons des dizaines de compose\u0301s volatils et notre cerveau les discrimine a\u0300 des concentrations infimes.<\/p>\n

Mais les auteurs de l\u2019e\u0301tude rappellent que la de\u0301finition me\u0302me d\u2019une phe\u0301romone implique un me\u0301canisme inne\u0301, universel et reproductible: un crite\u0300re auquel aucune mole\u0301cule humaine candidate n\u2019a encore satisfait. Les quelques effets rapporte\u0301s dans certaines e\u0301tudes, souvent modestes, varient fortement selon le contexte expe\u0301rimental, la culture ou le sexe de la personne expose\u0301e. Autrement dit, rien qui e\u0301voque la re\u0301action ste\u0301re\u0301otype\u0301e d\u2019un insecte ou d\u2019un rongeur.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, pour le biologiste Tristram Wyatt, de l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019Oxford (Grande-Bretagne), toutes les soi-disant \u00ab phe\u0301romones humaines \u00bb vendues dans le commerce ne reposent sur aucun fondement solide. Dans une e\u0301tude publie\u0301e en 2015 dans la revue Proceedings of the Royal Society B, il expliquait que les meilleurs indices de preuves de phe\u0301romones pourraient venir… des nouveau-ne\u0301s. Chez eux, les comportements lie\u0301s a\u0300 l\u2019odorat (orientation vers l\u2019odeur du sein maternel, apaisement par certaines signatures olfactives) semblent plus \u00ab bruts \u00bb, moins contamine\u0301s par l\u2019apprentissage ou les normes sociales. Une voie de recherche qui pourrait, un jour, conduire a\u0300 l\u2019identification de ve\u0301ritables signaux chimiques humains?<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. Comment les phe\u0301romones agissent sur les humains? \u00bb, nous demande David Mathon sur notre page Facebook. C\u2019est notre question de lecteur de la semaine. Merci a\u0300 toutes et tous pour votre participation. Lorsque l\u2019on e\u0301voque les phe\u0301romones, l\u2019imaginaire collectif s\u2019emballe aussito\u0302t: une chimie invisible qui, comme chez les insectes ou certains mammife\u0300res, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":73009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-73010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nSommes-Nous Sensibles aux Phe\u0301romones? - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comment les phe\u0301romones agissent sur les humains? \u00bb, nous demande David Mathon sur notre page Facebook. 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