Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong><\/span>Dans le de\u0301bat public, les termes croissance et de\u0301veloppement sont souvent employe\u0301s comme s\u2019ils de\u0301signaient une me\u0302me re\u0301alite\u0301. Pourtant, ils renvoient a\u0300 deux dimensions distinctes de la trajectoire e\u0301conomique d\u2019un pays. La croissance correspond a\u0300 l\u2019augmentation du produit inte\u0301rieur brut, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire a\u0300 la valeur des biens et services produits sur une pe\u0301riode donne\u0301e. Le de\u0301veloppement, lui, renvoie a\u0300 l\u2019ame\u0301lioration concre\u0300te des conditions de vie, a\u0300 l\u2019acce\u0300s a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301ducation, a\u0300 la sante\u0301, a\u0300 l\u2019emploi de\u0301cent et a\u0300 une re\u0301partition plus e\u0301quitable des richesses.<\/p>\nLes e\u0301conomies africaines offrent de nombreux exemples de cette dissociation. Selon la Banque mondiale, l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne a enregistre\u0301 en moyenne une croissance annuelle d\u2019environ 4 % entre 2000 et 2014, avec des pics supe\u0301rieurs a\u0300 6 % dans plusieurs pays exportateurs de matie\u0300res premie\u0300res. Pourtant, le taux de pauvrete\u0301 extre\u0302me dans la re\u0301gion reste l\u2019un des plus e\u0301leve\u0301s au monde, autour de 38 % en 2022 selon les dernie\u0300res estimations de l\u2019institution. L\u2019augmentation de la production n\u2019a pas automatiquement transforme\u0301 les structures sociales ni re\u0301duit les e\u0301carts de revenus.<\/p>\n
Cette situation s\u2019explique en partie par la nature me\u0302me de la croissance. Lorsqu\u2019elle repose sur des secteurs capitalistiques comme les hydrocarbures ou les mines, elle ge\u0301ne\u0300re peu d\u2019emplois directs et diffuse faiblement ses be\u0301ne\u0301fices dans le reste de l\u2019e\u0301conomie. Le produit inte\u0301rieur brut peut alors progresser rapidement tandis que l\u2019emploi formel, la qualite\u0301 des services publics ou la mobilite\u0301 sociale stagnent. La richesse cre\u0301e\u0301e se concentre dans certains segments sans irriguer durablement l\u2019ensemble de la socie\u0301te\u0301.<\/p>\n
Le Programme des Nations Unies pour le de\u0301veloppement (PNUD) rappelle, a\u0300 travers l\u2019indice de de\u0301veloppement humain, que le revenu n\u2019est qu\u2019une composante du progre\u0300s. L\u2019espe\u0301rance de vie, le niveau d\u2019instruction et l\u2019acce\u0300s aux services essentiels pe\u0300sent tout autant dans l\u2019e\u0301valuation du bien e\u0302tre collectif. Un pays peut afficher un revenu par habitant en hausse tout en souffrant d\u2019ine\u0301galite\u0301s territoriales marque\u0301es, d\u2019un syste\u0300me de sante\u0301 fragile ou d\u2019un cho\u0302mage massif des jeunes. Dans ce cas, la croissance demeure un agre\u0301gat comptable, sans traduction tangible pour une large part de la population.<\/p>\n
La confusion persiste aussi parce que la croissance est plus facile a\u0300 mesurer et a\u0300 communiquer. Un taux annuel de 5 % se lit imme\u0301diatement et permet des comparaisons internationales rapides. Le de\u0301veloppement, lui, exige une analyse plus fine, qualitative autant que quantitative. Il interroge la qualite\u0301 de la de\u0301pense publique, la gouvernance, la capacite\u0301 a\u0300 transformer les ressources naturelles en capital humain et productif.<\/p>\n
Distinguer clairement ces deux notions n\u2019implique pas d\u2019opposer l\u2019une a\u0300 l\u2019autre. La croissance demeure ne\u0301cessaire pour e\u0301largir les marges budge\u0301taires et financer les politiques sociales. Mais elle n\u2019est pas une fin en soi. Sans orientation vers la diversification productive, l\u2019emploi et la re\u0301duction des ine\u0301galite\u0301s, elle peut me\u0302me renforcer des de\u0301se\u0301quilibres existants. L\u2019enjeu n\u2019est donc pas seulement de produire davantage, mais de produire mieux et de re\u0301partir plus e\u0301quitablement les fruits de l\u2019activite\u0301 e\u0301conomique.<\/p>\n
Source: seneweb<\/b><\/p>\n
Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Senegal<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A\u00cfcha Fall Africa-Press – Senegal. Dans le de\u0301bat public, les termes croissance et de\u0301veloppement sont souvent employe\u0301s comme s\u2019ils de\u0301signaient une me\u0302me re\u0301alite\u0301. Pourtant, ils renvoient a\u0300 deux dimensions distinctes de la trajectoire e\u0301conomique d\u2019un pays. La croissance correspond a\u0300 l\u2019augmentation du produit inte\u0301rieur brut, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire a\u0300 la valeur des biens et services produits sur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":75018,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-75019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\n
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