{"id":75961,"date":"2026-04-29T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/politique\/au%e2%80%90dela-du-petrole-et-les-rentes-institutionnelles"},"modified":"2026-04-30T00:25:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T00:25:48","slug":"au%e2%80%90dela-du-petrole-et-les-rentes-institutionnelles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/economie\/au%e2%80%90dela-du-petrole-et-les-rentes-institutionnelles","title":{"rendered":"Au\u2010Del\u00e0 du P\u00e9trole et les Rentes Institutionnelles"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aicha Fall<\/b><\/p>\n

Africa-Press – Senegal. <\/strong> <\/span>Lorsqu’on parle d’e\u0301conomie de rente, l’image qui vient imme\u0301diatement a\u0300 l’esprit est souvent celle du pe\u0301trole, du gaz ou des ressources minie\u0300res. Pourtant, la rente moderne de\u0301passe largement les matie\u0300res premie\u0300res. Elle peut nai\u0302tre d’une licence exclusive, d’une position dominante sur un marche\u0301, d’un acce\u0300s privile\u0301gie\u0301 a\u0300 la commande publique ou encore d’un avantage re\u0301glementaire difficilement accessible aux nouveaux entrants.<\/p>\n

Le principe reste simple. Une rente correspond a\u0300 un revenu obtenu moins par l’innovation, la productivite\u0301 ou la prise de risque que par la de\u0301tention d’un privile\u0300ge e\u0301conomique. Celui qui be\u0301ne\u0301ficie de cette position gagne davantage non parce qu’il produit mieux, mais parce qu’il contro\u0302le un acce\u0300s rare.<\/p>\n

Dans plusieurs e\u0301conomies africaines, cette logique se retrouve bien au-dela\u0300 des industries extractives. Les concessions portuaires, certaines autorisations d’importation, les licences de te\u0301le\u0301communications, les marche\u0301s publics re\u0301currents ou encore certains segments de la distribution peuvent fonctionner selon cette logique.<\/p>\n

Le secteur des te\u0301le\u0301coms en offre une illustration claire. Obtenir une licence d’exploitation dans ce domaine donne acce\u0300s a\u0300 un marche\u0301 a\u0300 forte rentabilite\u0301 et a\u0300 de fortes barrie\u0300res a\u0300 l’entre\u0301e. La valeur e\u0301conomique ne repose pas uniquement sur la qualite\u0301 du service, mais aussi sur la rarete\u0301 institutionnelle de l’autorisation elle-me\u0302me. Au Se\u0301ne\u0301gal, Sonatel occupe historiquement une position majeure sur ce marche\u0301, dans un environnement ou\u0300 l’acce\u0300s reste fortement encadre\u0301.<\/p>\n

Le foncier urbain produit e\u0301galement des rentes importantes. Dans certaines capitales comme Dakar ou Abidjan, la de\u0301tention de terrains bien situe\u0301s permet des gains conside\u0301rables sans ne\u0301cessairement passer par une activite\u0301 productive. La rarete\u0301 administrative, les de\u0301cisions d’urbanisme ou l’acce\u0300s privile\u0301gie\u0301 a\u0300 certaines zones cre\u0301ent une valeur parfois de\u0301connecte\u0301e de l’investissement re\u0301el.<\/p>\n

Les marche\u0301s publics constituent un autre terrain sensible. Lorsqu’un petit nombre d’acteurs capte re\u0301gulie\u0300rement les grands contrats d’infrastructures, de fourniture ou de services publics, la frontie\u0300re entre performance e\u0301conomique et rente institutionnelle devient parfois floue. La rentabilite\u0301 de\u0301pend alors autant de la proximite\u0301 avec la commande publique que de la compe\u0301titivite\u0301 re\u0301elle.<\/p>\n

La fiscalite\u0301 elle-me\u0302me peut parfois renforcer ces me\u0301canismes. Certaines exone\u0301rations cible\u0301es, certains re\u0301gimes de\u0301rogatoires ou protections tarifaires prolonge\u0301es peuvent pre\u0301server durablement des positions acquises sans toujours stimuler l’innovation.<\/p>\n

Le proble\u0300me e\u0301conomique n’est pas seulement moral, il est structurel. Une e\u0301conomie domine\u0301e par la rente tend a\u0300 de\u0301courager la concurrence, ralentir l’entre\u0301e de nouveaux acteurs et orienter les investissements vers la captation de privile\u0300ges pluto\u0302t que vers la cre\u0301ation de valeur productive.<\/p>\n

Cela pe\u0300se directement sur l’industrialisation. Pourquoi investir dans la transformation, la recherche ou l’exportation lorsque des revenus plus su\u0302rs existent dans l’importation prote\u0301ge\u0301e, la distribution captive ou les marche\u0301s garantis?<\/p>\n

La rente moderne ne se voit pas toujours dans les statistiques minie\u0300res ou pe\u0301trolie\u0300res. Elle se niche souvent dans les de\u0301tails re\u0301glementaires, les positions acquises et les barrie\u0300res invisibles qui organisent silencieusement l’e\u0301conomie.<\/p>\n

Source: Seneweb<\/b><\/p>\n

Retrouvez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s et d\u2019analyses sur Senegal<\/span> sur le site Africa Press<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aicha Fall Africa-Press – Senegal. Lorsqu’on parle d’e\u0301conomie de rente, l’image qui vient imme\u0301diatement a\u0300 l’esprit est souvent celle du pe\u0301trole, du gaz ou des ressources minie\u0300res. Pourtant, la rente moderne de\u0301passe largement les matie\u0300res premie\u0300res. Elle peut nai\u0302tre d’une licence exclusive, d’une position dominante sur un marche\u0301, d’un acce\u0300s privile\u0301gie\u0301 a\u0300 la commande publique […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":75960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,3,10],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-75961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-economie","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nAu\u2010Del\u00e0 du P\u00e9trole et les Rentes Institutionnelles - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"b> Africa-Press - Senegal. 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