{"id":7661,"date":"2021-05-27T19:09:17","date_gmt":"2021-05-27T19:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/?p=7661"},"modified":"2022-05-25T14:10:21","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T14:10:21","slug":"tribune-quand-le-terrorisme-a-lest-met-fin-au-deni-senegalais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/senegal\/dossiers\/tribune-quand-le-terrorisme-a-lest-met-fin-au-deni-senegalais","title":{"rendered":"Quand le terrorisme \u00e0 l\u2019est met fin au d\u00e9ni s\u00e9n\u00e9galais\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Senegal<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal s\u2019est longtemps cru \u00e0 l\u2019abri du jihadisme, prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par son islam pacifique et son arm\u00e9e aguerrie. Les attaques et les menaces venues des groupes install\u00e9s au Mali et en Mauritanie chassent cette illusion.<\/p>\n

Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal s\u2019est toujours consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un \u00eelot de stabilit\u00e9 dans un oc\u00e9an d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ouest-africain, loin de l\u2019\u00e9picentre sah\u00e9lien du terrorisme. Au gr\u00e9 de leurs calculs politiques et de leurs positionnements strat\u00e9giques, on a vu les autorit\u00e9s politiques \u00e9voluer dans leur rapport \u00e0 cette menace. En une d\u00e9cennie, elles sont ainsi pass\u00e9es du d\u00e9ni \u00e0 une prise de conscience progressive. Ce qui les a tr\u00e8s r\u00e9cemment conduit \u00e0 admettre, enfin, l\u2019urgence de prendre au s\u00e9rieux la menace terroriste et les signaux inqui\u00e9tants venant de la partie est du pays, \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec le Mali.<\/p>\n

Jeunesse fragilis\u00e9e<\/b><\/p>\n

Les attaques terroristes de Ouagadougou et de Grand-Bassam, en 2016, auraient pourtant d\u00fb pousser le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal \u00e0 mieux \u00e9valuer les dangers d\u2019une r\u00e9gionalisation du terrorisme. Frapp\u00e9 d\u2019aveuglement, il a pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 croire au mythe, savamment entretenu, de la r\u00e9silience exceptionnelle d\u2019un pays marqu\u00e9 par un islam soufi-confr\u00e9rique, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un solide rempart contre l\u2019extr\u00e9misme.<\/p>\n

C\u2019\u00e9tait oublier un peu vite la porosit\u00e9 des fronti\u00e8res et les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques qui fragilisent la jeunesse et la rendent r\u00e9ceptive au message jihadiste. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9clatement de la crise malienne, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal a voulu se persuader que celle-ci serait circonscrite \u00e0 sa fronti\u00e8re est. Parmi les arguments avanc\u00e9s lors des d\u00e9bats, le clich\u00e9 du S\u00e9n\u00e9galais naturellement non violent et sa mystique baraka protectrice qu\u2019il doit \u00e0 la saintet\u00e9 de ses figures religieuses.<\/p>\n

Certains vantaient \u00e9galement les performances d\u2019un syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 rompu au renseignement, d\u2019une arm\u00e9e disciplin\u00e9e et aguerrie, justifiant d\u2019une exp\u00e9rience appr\u00e9ciable des guerres asym\u00e9triques, comme celle qu\u2019elle avait men\u00e9e en Casamance.<\/p>\n

La fin de l\u2019exception s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise<\/b><\/p>\n

On voulait croire \u00e0 l\u2019exception s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise, confort\u00e9e par les effondrements successifs des syst\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des pays alentour. En d\u00e9pit des arrestations de terroristes \u00ab\u202fde passage\u202f\u00bb, de la pr\u00e9sence de jeunes S\u00e9n\u00e9galais sur des terrains jihadistes comme en Libye, au Mali et dans le bassin du Lac Tchad, des discours faisant l\u2019apologie du terrorisme. En d\u00e9pit du bon sens, on faisait fi de ce qui aurait d\u00fb faire prendre conscience que tous pays de la r\u00e9gion pouvait devenir soit un th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019op\u00e9rations jihadistes, soit un espace de red\u00e9ploiement strat\u00e9gique.<\/p>\n

Au fil des ann\u00e9es, on a vu le jihadisme gagner des territoires insoup\u00e7onn\u00e9s, \u00e9branlant les certitudes. On avait sous les yeux l\u2019exemple burkinab\u00e8. Frapp\u00e9 d\u00e8s 2016 par de terribles attentats, le Burkina Faso \u00e9tait pourtant, au m\u00eame titre que le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, un exemple de coexistence religieuse et de coh\u00e9sion sociale.<\/p>\n

Pendant que Bamako s\u2019enfon\u00e7ait dans la crise s\u00e9curitaire et qu\u2019au pays de la T\u00e9ranga on craignait surtout le d\u00e9bordement de l\u2019\u00e9picentre malien, on a eu la surprise de d\u00e9couvrir de jeunes s\u00e9n\u00e9galais dans les rangs de Boko Haram en 2015, les services de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9voquant m\u00eame une n\u00e9buleuse essayant d\u2019\u00e9tendre ses tentacules sur le territoire national.<\/p>\n

Une vague d\u2019arrestations intervient en novembre 2015, suivie de proc\u00e8s in\u00e9dits pour terrorisme, en 2018. La fin de l\u2019exception s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise est plus ou moins act\u00e9e : en d\u00e9pit de son syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, le pays partage bel et bien les m\u00eames vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s que les pays sah\u00e9liens et peut aussi subir les affres d\u2019un terrorisme domestique. Le p\u00e9ril de l\u2019est stoppe le d\u00e9ni s\u00e9n\u00e9galais.<\/p>\n

Pour bien mesurer \u00e0 quel point le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal reconna\u00eet d\u00e9sormais l\u2019urgence d\u2019agir contre le terrorisme, il faut se rem\u00e9morer le dernier sommet du G5 Sahel \u00e0 N\u2019Djamena. Le pr\u00e9sident Macky Sall avait annonc\u00e9 \u2013 outre une forte pr\u00e9sence s\u00e9n\u00e9galaise au sein de la Minusma \u2013 la contribution financi\u00e8re d\u2019un milliard de francs CFA \u00e0 la lutte contre le terrorisme au Sahel.<\/p>\n

La fronti\u00e8re s\u00e9n\u00e9galo-malienne est devenue une pr\u00e9occupation des forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense, qui veulent gagner cette \u00ab bataille de l\u2019Est \u00bb \u00e0 tout prix. Ce changement de ton intervient apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement annonc\u00e9 d\u2019une cellule de la katiba Macina. Une initiative cons\u00e9cutive \u00e0 la publication, en f\u00e9vrier dernier, d\u2019un rapport du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 faisant \u00e9tat d\u2019incursions jihadistes en territoire s\u00e9n\u00e9galais \u00e0 partir du Mali, entre autres.<\/p>\n

Au-del\u00e0 de la fin d\u2019un tabou, il y a une lib\u00e9ration de la parole aussi bien des officiels que des analystes. L\u2019\u00c9tat semble conscient de la pression s\u00e9curitaire dans la zone est du pays depuis Nara, Nioro du Sahel et K\u00e9ni\u00e9ba. La situation reste en revanche insaisissable \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re mauritanienne, sur l\u2019axe Gogui-Adel Bagrou, alors qu\u2019\u00e9mergent les risques r\u00e9els d\u2019infiltration depuis Kayes et le cercle de Bafoulab\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les mesures d\u2019urgence et les efforts s\u00e9curitaires avec la construction de nouveaux camps militaires comme \u00e0 Kidira, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal doit faire face un d\u00e9fi majeur\u202f: emp\u00eacher les groupes terroristes de trouver des couveuses locales. Le plus gros risque serait qu\u2019ils r\u00e9ussissent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un terreau en exploitant les frustrations et le sentiment de marginalisation de certaines populations.<\/p>\n

Pour parer \u00e0 une telle \u00e9ventualit\u00e9, il faudra des investissements massifs et urgents afin de renforcer le sentiment d\u2019appartenance nationale de citoyens des r\u00e9gions \u00ab\u202fp\u00e9riph\u00e9riques\u202f\u00bb. S\u2019il devient \u00e9vident que la bataille de l\u2019Est aura bel et bien lieu, il est aussi s\u00fbr qu\u2019elle ne se gagnera pas sans la conqu\u00eate des c\u0153urs, plus durable que la soumission des corps et le tout s\u00e9curitaire qui n\u2019a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 vaincre le terrorisme nulle part.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Senegal. Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal s\u2019est longtemps cru \u00e0 l\u2019abri du jihadisme, prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par son islam pacifique et son arm\u00e9e aguerrie. Les attaques et les menaces venues des groupes install\u00e9s au Mali et en Mauritanie chassent cette illusion. Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal s\u2019est toujours consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un \u00eelot de stabilit\u00e9 dans un oc\u00e9an d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ouest-africain, loin de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":7658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,11,20,10],"tags":[43,47,44],"class_list":["post-7661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-homepage-french","category-top-nouvelles","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press-2","tag-africa-press-senegal","tag-senegal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nQuand le terrorisme \u00e0 l\u2019est met fin au d\u00e9ni s\u00e9n\u00e9galais\u00a0 - Senegal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal s\u2019est longtemps cru \u00e0 l\u2019abri du jihadisme, prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par son islam pacifique et son arm\u00e9e aguerrie. 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