{"id":59338,"date":"2024-01-11T16:38:42","date_gmt":"2024-01-11T16:38:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice"},"modified":"2024-01-11T16:55:50","modified_gmt":"2024-01-11T16:55:50","slug":"the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice","title":{"rendered":"The ICJ is facing a stark choice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – South-Africa. <\/strong><\/span>The circumstance could not be more urgent\u201d, says South Africa in seeking to persuade the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to \u201cindicate provisional measures\u201d: make binding interim orders against Israel to immediately suspend its military operations in Gaza; to stop killing and injuring Palestinians; and to stop \u201cdeliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about [their] destruction\u201d.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Israel has not submitted a written response to South Africa\u2019s application. It is not a requirement at this preliminary stage but it will be opposing the application at a provisional measures hearing set down for Thursday and Friday at the Peace Palace in The Hague. Israel has called South Africa\u2019s case a \u201cblood libel\u201d.<\/p>\n

Due to there being no answering papers yet, Israel\u2019s case on the provisional measures, in law, is yet to be revealed, even to South Africa\u2019s lawyers. South Africa will argue its case on Thursday and Israel is scheduled to respond on Friday.<\/p>\n

South Africa also wants the court to implement, as provisional measures, that Israel stop the expulsion of Palestinians from their homes, stop depriving them of food and water and stop preventing their access to humanitarian assistance and medical supplies.<\/p>\n

It wants an order that will prevent the destruction of evidence crucial for its case in the longer term, and that will allow access by fact-finding missions, and international mandates \u201cto assist in ensuring the preservation and retention of said evidence\u201d.<\/p>\n

The provisional measures hearing is the first part of South Africa\u2019s case against Israel.<\/p>\n

Its bigger case, to be argued in due course, is that Israel has violated the Genocide Convention in a number of ways. Israel is not only committing genocide in Gaza, a breach of article III (a) of the convention, it is also failing to prevent genocide in violation of article I, conspiring to commit genocide in violation of article III (b), directly and publicly inciting genocide in violation of article III (c), attempting to commit genocide in violation of article III (d), being complicit in genocide in violation of article III (e) and failing to punish genocide in violation of articles IV and V. There are others.<\/p>\n

But even for the interim proceedings, the breadth of these alleged violations is important, because at this point all South Africa needs to show the court is that it has a \u201cplausible\u201d case. For the implementation of provisional measures, South Africa needs only to get its foot in the door.<\/p>\n

At this stage of the proceedings the court is not called upon to determine whether it is satisfied that the rights which South Africa seeks to protect exist. It need only decide whether it is satisfied the rights asserted by South Africa on the merits, and for which it is seeking protection, are \u201cat least plausible\u201d.<\/p>\n

In seeking to establish an \u201cat least plausible\u201d case, South Africa has set out, in an 84-page application, a detailed, fact-heavy, history of Israel\u2019s treatment of Palestinians stretching much further back that October 7, which makes for grim reading. Most of its sources for this history are UN reports.<\/p>\n

Acts of genocide \u201cinevitably form part of a continuum\u201d, says South Africa.<\/p>\n

This was recognised by Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term genocide, says the application.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor this reason it is important to place the acts of genocide in the broader context of Israel\u2019s conduct towards Palestinians during its 75-year-long apartheid, its 56-year-long belligerent occupation of Palestinian territory and its 16-year-long blockade of Gaza.\u201d<\/p>\n

South Africa refers to the \u201cstringent\u201d blockade of Gaza after Hamas\u2019 electoral victory in 2006, which saw travel restrictions imposed by Israel and led to the World Health Organisation reporting that 839 people had died waiting for medical permits to leave Gaza for urgent medical treatment between 2008 and 2021. It refers to the food import restrictions imposed between 2007 and 2010 \u201cin accordance with calories consumed per person, to limit the transfers of food to a \u201chumanitarian minimum\u201d.<\/p>\n

It refers to the fishing restrictions and the reduction of agricultural area available to Palestinians for farming.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs long ago as 2015, the UN conference on trade and development warned that the restrictive measures imposed by Israel risked Gaza becoming uninhabitable by 2020,\u201d says the application.<\/p>\n

Between September 29 2000 and October 7 2023, about 7,569 Palestinians were killed, including 1,699 children, says the application. It contains excerpts by UN fact-finding missions in 2001, 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2019, all of which sounded the alarm about brutality and abuses, sometimes possible war crimes and crimes against humanity, by the Israeli Defence Force.<\/p>\n

In 2021, the special rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Palestinian territories said \u201cregrettably, the international community\u2019s remarkable tolerance for Israeli exceptionalism in its conduct of the occupation has allowed realpolitik to trump rights, power to supplant justice and impunity to undercut accountability\u201d.<\/p>\n

In this way, the application \u2014 perhaps in anticipation of a possible argument from Israel \u2014 seeks to dispel the idea that Israel\u2019s current actions are a specific response to Hamas\u2019 horrific attack on October 7 last year. The overall picture is that what Israel is doing is consistent with what it has been doing for years: more of the same, but infinitely and tragically worse.<\/p>\n

This is supported by the application\u2019s section on the West Bank, where Hamas is not in control, yet the application details the \u201cinstitutionalised regime of discriminatory laws, policies and practices applied by Israel [that] subjects Palestinians to what constitutes an apartheid regime\u201d.<\/p>\n

These include a segregating wall, discriminatory land zoning, a dual legal system, detentions without trial, routine violent house raids and deaths in custody. Israelis in the West Bank get more water than Palestinians, Palestinians\u2019 homes are demolished to build houses for settlers. There are areas that are off-limits to Palestinians. For South Africans, these features will be all too familiar.<\/p>\n

At least 2,186 Palestinians have been internally displaced in the West Bank since October 7 \u201cas a result of extreme settler violence\u201d, says the application. In 2023, 495 Palestinians were killed in the West Bank, with 295 of these dying after October 7.<\/p>\n

All this is detailed by the application before it even gets to the events after the Hamas attack on October 7. The application \u201cunequivocally condemns\u201d the targeting of civilians and the taking of hostages by Hamas.<\/p>\n

On Israel\u2019s current war, the application stresses the urgency of the court\u2019s intervention, quoting UN staff that Gaza is \u201ca living hell\u201d and \u201cwe are out of words to describe what is going on\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nowhere is safe in Gaza, said the UN secretary-general, recounts the application.<\/p>\n

This aspect of the application is significant for South Africa\u2019s case because, though Israel\u2019s response in court is yet to be revealed, its government has emphasised it has created humanitarian corridors and safe zones and it has warned civilians to evacuate ahead of bombing, said spokesperson for Israel Eylon Levy. Israel may argue these actions cannot be reconciled with the special intent required to make a finding of genocide.<\/p>\n

The South African application says: \u201cPalestinians in Gaza have been killed in their homes, in places where they sought shelter, in hospitals, in UNWRA schools, in churches, in mosques, and as they tried to find food and water for their families. They have been killed if they failed to evacuate, in the places to which they have fled, and even while they attempted to flee along Israeli declared \u2018safe routes\u2019\u201d.<\/p>\n

The application says the forced evacuations are permanent for many Palestinians, with an estimated 355,000 homes destroyed, or 60% of the entire housing stock in Gaza.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe forced displacements in Gaza are genocidal, in that they are taking place in circumstances calculated to bring about the physical destruction of Palestinians in Gaza,\u201d says the application.<\/p>\n

Israel has pushed the Palestinian population to the brink of famine, it says. Most Palestinian people are starving. Water is severely depleted.<\/p>\n

\u201cExperts are predicting more Palestinians in Gaza may die from starvation and disease than air strikes, and yet Israel is intensifying its bombing campaign, precluding the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance to Palestinians. It is clear Israel is, through its actions and policies in Gaza, deliberately inflicting on Palestinians conditions of life calculated to bring about their destruction.\u201d<\/p>\n

The application has compiled a list of \u201cexpressions of genocidal intent\u201d which it says, when combined with the level of killing, maiming, displacement and destruction, are \u201cevidence of an unfolding and continuing genocide\u201d.<\/p>\n

The list includes statements by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, president Isaac Herzog, defence minister Yoav Gallant and national security minister Itmar Ben-Gvir.<\/p>\n

It also includes statements made by other \u201cprominent members of Israeli society, including former parliamentarians and news anchors\u201d which South Africa says constitute clear direct and public incitement to genocide but have gone \u201cunchecked and unpunished by the Israeli authorities\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here, South Africa may be anticipating another argument from Israel: that some of these statements were not made by representatives of the Israeli state. But they would be relevant to whether the state is preventing genocide or failing to punish genocide, which is also punishable under the convention and therefore capable of engaging the court\u2019s power to indicate provisional measures.<\/p>\n

Without knowing anything about Israel\u2019s case it is difficult to assess the strength of South Africa\u2019s. However, a number of international law experts and commentators have agreed that, particularly on provisional measures, South Africa\u2019s case is strong if the court decides based on the law, including its own judgments, and the facts.<\/p>\n

For some, the case may be a test of the court itself and for the whole system of public international law, which has long been the subject of criticism.<\/p>\n

Mohsen Al Attar, associate dean of learning and teaching at Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, said in a recent blog post: \u201cIsrael backed itself into a corner by chest-thumping in full daylight its violations of the Genocide Convention, the Geneva Conventions, and the most basic tenets of IHL [ international humanitarian law], leaving the ICJ with no option but to accept South Africa\u2019s robust intervention.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe ICJ faces a stark choice: find in favour of South Africa and indicate provisional measures or damn international law into oblivion.\u201d<\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About South-Africa<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – South-Africa. The circumstance could not be more urgent\u201d, says South Africa in seeking to persuade the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to \u201cindicate provisional measures\u201d: make binding interim orders against Israel to immediately suspend its military operations in Gaza; to stop killing and injuring Palestinians; and to stop \u201cdeliberately inflicting conditions of life […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":59336,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,12],"tags":[274,315,275],"class_list":["post-59338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-policy","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-south-africa","tag-south-africa-2"],"yoast_head":"\nThe ICJ is facing a stark choice - South Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The circumstance could not be more urgent\u201d, says South Africa in seeking to persuade the International Court of Justice ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The ICJ is facing a stark choice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The circumstance could not be more urgent\u201d, says South Africa in seeking to persuade the International Court of Justice ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"South Africa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-11T16:38:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-11T16:55:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/sites\/31\/2024\/01\/sm_1704979448.697157.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"501\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"The ICJ is facing a stark choice\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-11T16:38:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-11T16:55:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice\"},\"wordCount\":1694,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/sites\/31\/2024\/01\/sm_1704979448.697157.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-South-Africa\",\"South-Africa\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"policy\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/south-africa\/all-news\/the-icj-is-facing-a-stark-choice\",\"name\":\"The ICJ is facing a stark choice - 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